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The Asunción Times
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Paraguay’s original and best English-language newspaper
Replying to Avatar Shortfiat

If something is shorted, then there must necessarily be a long which is the other side of the contract. A short is a bet on the price going downwards and there must be someone on the other side of bet. It is enabled by a broker borrowing the asset from one of their customers (usually without them knowing it) and lending it to the person that wants to sell it in the market.

In order for it to be sold in the market someone has to be buying it. So the short sale means that there are two people that bought the same ETF, the one who bought it in the first place and has lent it to the short seller and the one who has bought it from the short seller. The fiat system allows them to both own the same ETF at the same time.

The short seller could be another retail punter, or they could be the brokerage themselves. By selling you an asset that they have borrowed from another customer, they get some interest free money to play with. They are exposed to the price going up, but they don't have to mark to market.

All of this is enabled by the digitisation of the stock exchange. In the days of paper certificates, people had legal title to their assets and they could hold the share certificate in their own custody. Now they have no choice, but to custody with a broker. As I said, every brokerage account owned by a retail investor does not own the shares. The shares are owned by a nominee company that holds the paper certificates. This structure enables unlimited re-hypothication of assets. They have been doing the same thing with gold for years. That is how there is a 200:1 ratio of paper gold to physical gold. The finanical system is sitting on an enormous short position on the gold price.

Shorting any asset is agreeing to sell it at the current price(ish) on a future date. So yes, a bet that it will go down in value. Doing that without having a corresponding right to own the asset is “naked short selling”; doing it with either ownership of the asset or at least the contractual right to own the asset is “covered short selling”. Naked short selling is mostly illegal on many developed markets (including the US, although the wordings around “right to own” are a bit weak).

Either way, no new units of the underlying asset are created, and for every agreed sale of a unit, a purchase of a unit is also agreed (as you say above), so the net difference is zero, every time.

The ones buying the contract don’t own the asset until the strike date. So you don’t have two owners at the same time. One owns the asset, the other owns a contract to buy the asset in future.

When market events turn against market participants (such as during a “short squeeze”, the pressure is on the short sellers, not the underlying asset itself. The short sellers may get wiped out, or go bankrupt, or not be able to pay their debts, but the asset itself is unaffected - the market price of the asset might change, but there is no change to the asset itself, nor any change to how many units of it exist.

There are two types of broker/custodian - fiduciary (sometimes called “full service”) and non-fiduciary.

Full service ones (such as Interactive Brokers) give you the option to allow them to lend/repo your assets in exchange for a cut of the fees they generate, or not - your choice. Customer assets are segregated from company assets.

Non-fiduciary brokers (such as Robinhood) are basically just borrowing your funds, don’t have that separation, can do what they like with your money, and are basically just promising you you’ll get what you expect, as you describe. Best avoided, and not the only option available.

Digitalisation of exchanges makes it easier and quicker to do all of this, but it didn’t herald the start of this - short selling is just a sales purchase agreement, a contract. Contracts have existed for millennia.

Sometimes people sign contracts they then can’t deliver on - this is counterparty risk. It’s part of the free-ish market though, and nothing to do with governments, fiat currency, central banks, etc. The vast majority of trades and contracts are by and between private individuals and companies 🤷‍♀️

⚡️ zap thyself ⚡️

#nostr #zap #thyself #plebchain

It works!! Thank you Tracy!! 🙏🥳🫡

Wondering if it’s to do with changing the wallet/lightning email address… have changed it back to the random one it gave originally, maybe that will work!

Oh no! It would’ve been the first zap as well 😅 In theory it’s a Primal wallet; any ideas why it might not work?

Hellooooo, Nostriches! 🐣

Paraguay's original & best English-language newspaper is right here on Nostr and is gradually figuring it out 🫶 🇵🇾

If you would like to learn more about all the fun things that go on in this wonderful part of the world, we've got it covered. Or at least will have, in the very near future!

Do you have any sugestions for how we can use Nostr to the full, and add value to the Nostr community? Or any questions about Paraguay we can answer for you? Let us know!

https://asunciontimes.com

#Paraguay #Asuncion #News #Nostr #NostrPlebs #Plebs #Plebchain #Introductions #Zaps #AskNostr

Actually, this isn’t true - it has been done, and it has worked. In 1814, a law was introduced in Paraguay which forced inter-racial marriage - it was illegal to marry someone of the same race. This forced those of European descent, and those of indigenous decent to “come together” (pardon the risqué pun) and ensured that the vast majority of future generations would be mixed-race, known as “Mestizo”. Today, more than 90% of Paraguayans have both European and indigenous ancestry; both indigenous Guaraní language and Spanish are spoken widely, both indigenous and European culture is lived and celebrated, and the innate acceptance of other races and cultures has led to a very large percentage of Paraguayans having a non-Paraguayan ancestor or relative, as well as a culture that actively welcomes peace-loving foreigners who come to the country. Maybe it’s time for you to experience Paraguay for yourself - but please leave your pre-conceived biases at home when you travel somewhere new ❤️ #paraguay #asuncion #multiculturalism