In germany at least they mostly make the difference between "Study" and "Modelstudy".The last one seems to be the more relavant as it seems to be a (role)model study that can be apllied to many field. But in fact a modelstudy is a modelled study. They take collected real world data, look at it and weight or just delete for example "extreme-values" to make it more "realistic" and suitable for the "average population" when indeed they are the once that make it unrealistic by "weighting" or deleting data. I guess in this case the data of the (model)study shows that what those scientists said is true. But when we look at the strem of data they had before modeling it, we probably would see that this risk only applies to people that struggle with weight for years and have family and friends telling them that it is unhealthy to be fat. I am just assuming but after some research on the last modelstudies i read about i is common sense for me, that they do it over and over again.