As a landscape painter I can tell you; how high the horizon (or implied horizon) is in the composition will establish the natural viewing distance.

The closer the horizon is to the top of the painting the further back you’ll want to view it regardless of scale.

When even a large painting’s horizon is low in the composition it feels natural to get very close to the painting.

In abstraction you can control this effect and use it to draw people in to see fine detail or push the viewer back to see a wider perspective.