Good question!

Rather than looking into becoming an ISP, you could approach Tier 2 carriers as the owner of a data center. Would save you having to get licenses and permits...

Or at least that's what I derive from this AI answer lol. Sounds expensive.

Well you need aome routers, some swithes and some (a lot) of money toconnect to 1st (or 2nd would be cheaper) tier isp.