He's not asking for academic stuff I guess, so I think a start with reading https://nostr.how/en/the-protocol (kinda outdated) will work :)

Don't know this study https://arxiv.org/html/2402.05709v1#S1 is peer-reviewed which nostr:npub1ty3ftnetpxnlj42lgwkmwdxta69gfm5f9mfljvmwdgymvsf6pkuswhxq4p mentioned?