The cell being built at the bottom of the frame like that suggests that they planned it, either to replace an old queen that's wearing out, or to make a new one to swarm (emergency queen cells to replace a dead queen will be on the comb anywhere they can find brood of the right age to groom into a queen). If the colony was running out of room, then they are likely to have been planning to split the hive. Both of those together (crowded hive and pre-planned queen cell) tend to suggest swarming activity, especially in spring.
Discussion
I’m not sure I feel very confident about how to split this hive, so I’m going to set up a swarm trap nearby to try to catch my own bees if they decide a swarm. Should be interesting. Thanks!
