Does Malta and Ireland refractions to be done by an optometrist or do they allow opticians to refract?

Also, is optometry a 4 year university degree in Ireland ?

I liked optometry enough in Canada but didn’t want to be trapped by Cbdc and deal with escalating crime and poverty. 6 months after I sold my practice , the optical store where I worked got broken into. They shattered the glass door to get in and stole all the frames and damaged some computers.