It has something like an 18.4 million supply as its base with a 0.6 XMR per block tail emission that will continue forever.

This causes an asymptotic inflation rate that always approaches zero while never quite actually hitting it. And the current inflation is about 0.84% to 0.85%. This means there will always be a block reward for the miners so that fees don't skyrocket through the stratosphere.

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This inherently allows for economic growth, and not stagnation over time, ceteris parabis

The tail emission does two things. Firstly, it always gives the miners a reward for mining blocks to keep the network secure. And second, it replaces lost coins over time. And eventually, the amount of coins lost per year and the amount of coins mined per year will balance out.