Some resources to help grow your understanding

Block Template Similarities between Mining Pools

https://b10c.me/observations/12-template-similarity/

mononaut thread on mining pool reward consolidation

https://x.com/mononautical/status/1777686545715089605

A Proof of Liabilities Scheme for Ecash Mints

https://gist.github.com/callebtc/ed5228d1d8cbaade0104db5d1cf63939

This site has the best PPLNS visualization that I have found

https://mintpond.com/b/prop-vs-pplns-vs-pps-mining-pool-reward-systems

Stratum v2 Auditor Role

https://github.com/stratum-mining/stratum/discussions/1052