When I've created VeraCrypt volumes the software has me move around the mouse a lot to generate a bunch of entropy for the encryption keys. Maybe that means it's not relying on KDF the way LUKS is?

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No, that is generating entropy for the keyfile. Your keyfile is then encrypted with a password based KDF, just like LUKS. The exact details differ a bit, but the overall architecture is the same. Still need to use a memoryhard PBKDF to encrypt the keyfile.

Maybe VeraCrypt uses a memory hard PBKDF, in which case I would say it is as good as modern LUKS.