Great questions .

Awesome response.

Not just blackmarkets either.

Bitchat has launched . Perhaps a developer can create a Hawala protocol / network layered on Bitchat.

I came across this in Lyn Aldens book - Broken Money.

Money doesn't move. Ledgers do.

Eg

1. If A in one 15 minute city needs to get sats to B in the neighboring 15 minute city.

2. A pays sats to a local Hawaladar (broker) based on trust and reputation who then contacts the receiving broker in B's location.

3. A's broker then sends a code direct to B.

4. B

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Don’t trust, verify. That’ll be hard to implement based on third party trust

Also even saying 15 minute city makes me rage. No one is stopping me moving around

I did a part 2. I accidentally posted before completion.

I used 15 minute cities as an example of offline bitchat.

I spent time studying Hawala. Slave caravans used this system to stop robberies enroute. Spices moved and so did precious gems.

To this day I know of local Indian cab drivers and shop keepers still using this system . To send money home.

Chinese and Mexican cartels use a version of this moving drugs around USA.

Each have a vested interest. Trusted reputation is paramount . Anonymity and fast transactions are its hallmarks .

Like I say - its not the money that moves. Its the ledger.

And Bitchat has the potential to provide the network .Dodging cell towers and surveillance systems is pure bliss.

pt2 - sorry I stuffed up.

4. B gives the code to his local broker, pays a fee and collects the sats.

5. The transaction is informally recorded by both brokers and the debt is settled later, through various means such as cash, goods, services etc

without a direct money transfer .

6. Its fast, and fees need to be low, to make this work.

Fun fact -

Hawala is still practiced today from Persian times. Western countries outlawed it.

And it works with offline networks.

The gatekeepers are the brokers - I don't have an answer for this.

Perhaps someone else like Lyn Alden can give us a clue.