What's this location transmission that's ostensibly happening every 4.5 minutes? Which app does that?
Discussion
Assuming he doesn't mean location but means pinging cell towers which is a proxy
The OS does that in the background.
Check the 2021 Trinity College Dublin study:
https://www.scss.tcd.ie/doug.leith/apple_google.pdf
"Mobile Handset Privacy: Measuring The Data iOS and Android Send to Apple And Google"
If you don’t want to be tracked - don’t carry a cellphone. Even a GrapheneOS powered phone is going to be periodically updating its location to the nearest cell tower to keep the HLR updated.
Be a submarine and use a Faraday bag. Only surface when you absolutely need to.
That's why you have airplane mode.