I agree on your points about AI; also in training an AI it will find "local minimums", where it increases the X and sees the Y value drop to approach the target value, at some point it finds a local minimum where continuing to increase X causes Y to go back up and away from the target. The AI doesn't necessarily know that if it continues increasing X that it will eventually find an even better Y value, it might stop at the local minimum. This is a big challenge in developing AI, it doesn't always yeild optimal results and requires humans to fix it, since our brains work...differently.

How AI interacts with money will be interesting, and mostly yet to be seen. I think we will see a lot of examples of it working really well in a range of expected behavior, and then losing everything when the unexpected happens.

The constraint of life does generally seem to be the carry capacity of the ecosystem, I haven't seen enough about how that might apply to humans. It could be said that in richer countries people have fewer kids, whether that's a product of a more advanced social behavior or fiat money is hard to noodle out.