What I think Jack means by a protocol is something that is hard to capture. ActivityPub to the degree that it's controlled by the W3C is incredibly easy to capture. It has become very political. If you had 6 people you could do that. A protocol like bitcoin is much harder to capture, it has been tried and resisted. Nostr is something in the middle, and could go in either direction. ActivityPub was incredibly political from day 1 and remains so to this day. So for example doing a bitcoin integration in AP would be an uphill struggle, but in nostr it was easy and seamless. Nostr has a higher innovation potential, because it is a relatively unpolitical protocol. However nostr politics has begun, and that may slow it down, we will have to wait and see how it goes...