The unfortunate reality, I think, is that bitcoin will be custodial for most people. Fast forward a few years when a bitcoin is over $100 million with billions of users. L1 transaction fees, for limited block space, will be extremely expensive. It’s inevitable that typical users will be unable to transact in L1. L1 will be used mostly by countries and L2s.
I don’t view this as a problem because we’ll have additional L2s and L3s. Like Liquid, these solutions will have privacy and you’ll be able to freely move your funds to whatever system works best for you.
Lightning could very well be the system that most custodians and large companies use to transact with each other.
The bottom line is that the bitcoin network will continue to evolve and more solutions will be invented in time.