The claim you've shared is a political argument presented in the form of a historical timeline. While it’s based on real historical entities, it simplifies and selectively interprets history to make a point. Here's a more balanced view:

What is true:

The land historically known as Palestine has been ruled by many different empires and entities over thousands of years — from the Canaanites, Israelites, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, Ottomans, to the British.

There was no internationally recognized, independent nation-state called "Palestine" at most points in recorded history, in the modern sense of a sovereign country.

What is missing or misleading:

1. Modern nation-states are a recent concept: For most of history, the idea of a “state” as we understand it today didn’t exist. The absence of a formal “Palestinian state” in antiquity doesn’t discredit Palestinian national identity today — just like the Jewish people did not have a state for nearly 2,000 years but maintained a national identity.

2. Palestinian national identity: The Palestinian identity began forming as a distinct modern national movement during the late Ottoman period and especially under British rule in the 20th century — similar to how other modern national identities (like Syrian, Lebanese, or Jordanian) emerged around the same time.

3. The British Mandate of Palestine (1920–1948) explicitly referred to "Palestine" as a political and geographical entity, and Palestinians (Arabs living there) were recognized as such in documents and records.

4. UN and international recognition: Since the mid-20th century, Palestinians have sought statehood and have been recognized as a people with the right to self-determination by much of the international community. The State of Palestine has been recognized by over 130 countries and is a non-member observer state in the United Nations since 2012.

Conclusion:

While it's historically accurate that many different empires ruled the land and that a modern state named "Palestine" didn’t exist until recent times, that doesn’t mean the Palestinian people and their aspirations for statehood are illegitimate. History should not be used selectively to invalidate modern national identities.

Would you like a visual timeline or map of how control of this region changed over time?