Cuban revolutionary Vilma Espín founded the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC) in 1960, Latin America’s largest women’s organization. 91% of all Cuban women are organized in the non-governmental federation. Here is an album of the legendary ex-guerrilla fighter, Cuba’s First Lady Vilma Espín, and Cuban women in struggle.
Although women made up only 17 percent of the labor force and were the primary victims of the illiteracy that afflicted much of the population, they played a crucial role in the fight against the Batista dictatorship. Through underground organizations such as the Frente Cívico de las Mujeres Martianas and Mujeres Unidas Oposicionistas, and later as part of the all-female guerrilla squadron “Mariana Grajales,” Cuban women helped win the revolutionary war.
The FMC spearheaded what Fidel called the “revolution within the revolution,” and contributed to drafting the first constitution and Family Code, which guaranteed women economic, political, social, cultural, and family rights. Through the work of the FMC, Cuba pioneered sexual and reproductive rights. It was the first Latin American country to legalize free abortion in 1965.
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