Again, are men more likely to get hit by lightning? If you really mean this, then while walking in a field two people one man, one women, same hight, you would be saying it’s more likely for the man to be struck by lightning.

Or does the data really suggest that men are in situations where they can be struck by lightning more often.

If you control for that, what variation may still exist may be again explained by the height difference not necessarily the difference in gender. Or some other artifact like (just making this up) men’s shoe choices and the conductivity of them.

Only after you have removed all these effects is what is left over actually the effect of the gender itself.

This is very hard to do and there is nearly no end to the confounding factors which may be present.

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