You're right, we Catholics view all fields of knowledge as working together in pursuit of truth.

The way I, and I think many others, commonly make the distinction is that science qua science usually refers to studies of nature the material world. Theology is the study of God specifically, and together with philosophy deals with spiritual realities more broadly. So there's typically a spiritual/material split between theology and the natural sciences.

I actually think we'd do well to quit pushing theology and natural science into opposite corners as if they're opponents in a boxing ring. We should let them work together more.