You’re partially right, but what you’re saying is misleading and oversimplified.
It is accurate, for instance, to say that psychiatry in the 19th century often functioned as a tool of social control. Historical records support the fact that individuals—particularly the poor, women, and those seen as socially disruptive—were frequently institutionalized more for being inconvenient than for any clear medical condition. In that era, classification systems were indeed vague, and diagnoses were often based on moral or behavioral judgments rather than scientific evidence.
The criticism of the “chemical imbalance” theory of mental illness is also valid. The notion that depression results from low serotonin levels has been widely discredited, or at least shown to lack compelling scientific evidence. This was confirmed by a 2022 meta-analysis published in Molecular Psychiatry, which found no consistent link between serotonin levels and depression. Although this idea was once promoted as established science, it never had strong empirical support. This reflects a larger issue in how psychiatric treatments are marketed and understood by the public, even when many clinicians themselves never fully subscribed to the chemical imbalance explanation.
Dr. Thomas Insel, former director of the National Institute of Mental Health, did publicly acknowledge that despite significant investments in brain-based research—about $20 billion worth—the field did not succeed in delivering improved real-world outcomes for major psychiatric disorders like depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. His reflections have fueled legitimate concerns that the biological model of psychiatry has been overemphasized at the expense of more holistic and effective interventions.
It correctly highlights the importance of trauma and environment in the development of mental illness. The findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study are robust and well-established, showing strong correlations between early trauma and later-life issues including mental illness, addiction, and even physical disease. This supports the call for a trauma-informed approach that considers individuals in the context of their lived experiences and social environments.
BUT
while many of these points are valid, the critique also veers into overgeneralization. For example, stating that psychiatry “emerged less as a science and more as social control” oversimplifies the historical evolution of the field. Although early psychiatry certainly had coercive elements, it also involved sincere scientific efforts to understand mental illness and improve care. Figures such as Emil Kraepelin laid foundational work for modern diagnostic systems that were more systematic than arbitrary.
Another overstatement is the claim that psychiatric medications are prescribed “as if the link [to serotonin] were settled science.” While this may have been truer in the past, most psychiatrists today recognize the complexity of mood disorders and do not rely on serotonin explanations alone. Moreover, SSRIs and other medications have demonstrated efficacy in many patients, even if their mechanisms are not fully understood. Suggesting that they are based on nothing but myth can be misleading, especially to those who genuinely benefit from them.
The critique that psychiatry focuses on symptom suppression rather than addressing root causes is partially true. The system is often oriented around short-term stabilization rather than long-term healing, a reality shaped as much by institutional and economic constraints as by medical ideology. Yet many practitioners are now integrating more holistic models that combine therapy, social support, and biological understanding. The field is not static, and to treat it as monolithic overlooks these important developments.
Finally, while lifestyle changes and somatic interventions—such as improved sleep, diet, exercise, and mindfulness practices—have been shown to be effective, especially in mild to moderate depression, they are not always sufficient on their own, particularly for severe mental illness. The claim that they “outperform medication in many cases” can be true in specific contexts, but should be stated with nuance to avoid creating false expectations.
Your rhetorical force comes at the cost of precision.
Psychiatry is neither a failed science nor a purely oppressive system—it is a complex and evolving field, with both flaws and vital contributions. A productive critique would acknowledge this duality, pushing for reform without discarding what still works.