effort 努力

POONA INDIA 6TH PUBLIC TALK 3RD OCTOBER, 1948

1948年10月3日，印度 浦那，第6次公众谈话

We mean by effort, the striving to fulfil oneself, to become. something, don't we? I am this, and I want to become that; I am not that, and I must become that. In becoming `that', there is strife, there is battle, conflict, struggle. In this struggle we are concerned inevitably with fulfilment through the gaining of an end; we seek self-fulfilment in an object, in a person, in an idea, and that demands constant battle, struggle, the effort to become, to fulfil. So, we have taken this effort as inevitable; and I wonder if it is inevitable - this struggle to become something? Why is there this struggle? Where there is the desire for fulfillment, in whatever degree and at whatever level, there must be struggle. Fulfilment is the motive, the drive behind the effort; whether it is in the big executive, the housewife, or a poor man, there is this battle to become, to fulfil, going on.

我们说的‘努力’是指，想要满足一个人自己、想要变成什么的抗争。难道我们不是这样吗？我是这个样子，而我想要变成那个样子；我不是那个样子，而我必须变成那个样子。在变成‘那个样子’的过程中，存在反抗，存在斗争、冲突、奋斗。在这种努力中，我们不可避免地通过目的的达到关心自我满足；我们在某目标中、在某个人身上、在某个想法中寻求自我满足，而那需要持续的变成、达成的斗争、奋斗和努力。因此，我们把这种努力看作在所难免。而我想知道，这种想要变成什么的奋斗是否是不可避免的，为什么存在这种奋斗？哪里存在想要满足的欲望，无论以什么样的程度和无论在什么层面上，哪里就必然存在奋斗。满足是努力背后的动机、动力；无论是在大的行政机构里，还是在家庭主妇或穷人身上，这种想要变成、满足的斗争都在发生。