The sun rises, and the sun goes down, and hastens to the place where it rises."

That’s Ecclesiastes 1:5, not Matthew, and it actually supports the flat Earth model. The verse describes the sun moving not the Earth.

In the flat Earth model, the sun circles above the Earth, like a spotlight. It doesn’t rise and set by going over a curve, it simply moves far enough away that it appears to set from our perspective. Then it circles back to where it “rises” again.

"The stars on the northern sphere vs. southern..."

Yes, star patterns are different in the north vs. the south — but that can still be explained in a flat Earth model. The stars rotate in a dome-like pattern above us (the firmament). People standing on different parts of the flat plane are simply seeing different angles of the same rotation. It’s like looking at the ceiling of a dome from different spots , it appears different depending on where you stand, but the dome hasn’t changed.

"The moon’s orientation changes depending on where you are."

Correct. But again, that’s due to perspective. Imagine the moon moving in a circular path above the Earth within the firmament, your position on the surface affects how you see it. Just like looking at a clock hanging above your head from different positions, the orientation changes even though the object hasn’t.

The globe theory relies on the idea that we’re spinning at 1,000 mph, orbiting the sun at 67,000 mph, and flying through space at over a million mph, and yet we feel none of it.

The flat Earth model is much simpler: the Earth is still, and the heavens move above us. Just like Genesis says.