Replying to Avatar Dan Ostermayer

A1c (Hemoglobin A1c):

-Reflects your average blood glucose levels over the past 2–3 months.

-Measures glucose attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells (which live ~120 days).

-Used to diagnose and monitor diabetes:

Normal: <5.7%

Prediabetes: 5.7–6.4%

Diabetes: ≥6.5%

Limitation: Doesn’t capture blood sugar spikes or insulin function—only the end result (glucose exposure).
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Dan Ostermayer 3mo ago

Fasting Insulin:

Measures insulin concentration in your blood after an 8–12 hour fast.

Reveals how hard your pancreas is working right now to manage blood sugar.

High levels (>10–25 μIU/mL, depending on lab) signal insulin resistance—your cells aren’t responding to insulin, so your pancreas pumps out more to compensate.

-Can detect metabolic dysfunction years before A1c rises. Many with "normal" A1c have high fasting insulin, meaning they’re already on the path to diabetes.

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