This basically is a *very* efficient way of encoding a message into a number in [0, 1) that also acts as compression
And then we can turn a number from [0, 830B messages) into [0, 1) and back
Discussion
Surprisingly difficult to find a good concise description of this for me, but think I finally got the gist. It actually seems it would have the benefit of looking most realistic if you assigned higher prob to black than yellow than green.
Unclear what mapping to letters is optimal, and I don't expect anyone cares to carry on.
Just create a test message.