Ok here is a real one. Welds, used to hold up buildings and put cars together. The quality of a weld in most cases is not or cannot be completely verified to be good. It’s like trying to verify if a drywall patch is done correctly. The only way to really know is test it, or cut it open. Well they don’t do that on every car, not even close.
Discussion
How about X-ray tests?
You know how sometimes people get an xray and are then sent to get an MRI done? In welds if there are immeasurably small cracks, it can’t compromise them almost completely. There are advanced tests that can paint a pretty good picture if you are familiar with the process and normal outcomes, but it’s still no guarantee. It wouldn’t matter that much, many things are like this, but welds CANT fail without really bad outcomes in many cases. Like submarines. Depends on the type of metal too as to whether there will be a warning or not.
Ever hung a picture on a hook that uses a command strip, sticky tape? The picture doesn’t usually start sliding down the wall, it crashes to the ground. How do you know if the strip is good? You test it with weight. And every time you test it, you weaken it, so your testing implies the results are to some extent marginally to the high side of what can be withstood in the next stress event.
Welding, sworn enemy of perfectionism and science. Only people who can trust God can come close to fully trusting welds.
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Surely there are levels of redundancy that make one failure mostly inconsequential?
Thinking specifically about buildings. Never heard of a weld fail in a car - it’s usually a million other things.
When cars crunch up the wrong way, it’s usually something to do with the welds. They are the majority of the safety of the vehicle. >90%
There can be, but it’s all done by fiat people and I think you know what that means.