NEW WORLD RECORD.
WE CAN PROVE THE WHOLE BITCOIN BLOCK HEADER CHAIN IN 6.5 HOURS.
FOR $13.5.
YES, WE HAVE PROVEN 16 YEARS OF BLOCKCHAIN HISTORY OF A $2 TRILLION ASSET FOR LESS THAN A BIG MAC COMBO MENU.
STWO, FASTEST PROVER IN THE WORLD, BACKBONE OF STARKNET.
Machine: c4-highmem-32
32 vcpus 248 GB RAM
Actual usage is 190/248, in "real-time" mode <100GB
proof size: ~1MB
on-demand hourly cost is $2.085424 USD
total cost: 2.085424*6.5 = $13.55
and this is not even the final form! (this is WITHOUT SHA256 builtin, Cairo M31, GPU acceleration, Proving parallelization)
https://github.com/starkware-bitcoin/raito
Can you explain ZK to me? People throw that word around but I never understood what it meant. How do you prove something without knowledge?
I understand the simple interactive examples; I can prove I possess some information if I reveal calculations with that information, and they can be proven valid, such as I could convince someone I have a private key if I can decrypt enough messages encrypted to its public key.
But I don't understand the non interactive proofs, and I don't understand how you can prove the bitcoin chain for someone without ALSO having the chain.
The zero knowledge part is from the verifier perspective. The prover needs of course the knowledge of the chain in this case. Btw note that we use a STARK proof here for the scaling properties and not for the privacy aspect. The goal is then to be able to verify in 50-100ms the validity of the entire header chain even on a small device like a phone
As for the non interactive part, it’s being obtained using Fiat Shamir, which enable to simulate some random oracle and queries of the verifier without interactivity
Awesome progress, thanks!
We are looking for an investor who can loan our holding company 237,000 US dollars.
With this money, we will open a farm in Baku, Azerbaijan to produce animal-based food.
We will also make our own animal feed, so our products will be healthier, better quality, and cheaper.
Because we sell quality products for less and have strong advertising, we will sell more worldwide and make big profits.
Why Azerbaijan? Because animal farming makes a lot of money there, but few people do it. That’s why we will earn more by starting in Azerbaijan.
Additionally, by producing our own animal feed, we will be able to sell healthier, higher quality animal products at a lower price.
Since we can sell quality products cheaply and thanks to our strong advertising network, we will be able to sell more internationally and make huge profits.
The reason for establishing the business in Azerbaijan is that animal husbandry is a very profitable business in Azerbaijan, but since there are very few people doing animal husbandry, establishing the farm in Azerbaijan will provide us with more income.
Your profit:
You will lend 237,000 US dollars to our holding company and when 22.03.2026 comes, you will receive your money back as 953,000 US dollars.
Your earnings will be great. When 22.03.2026 comes, you will get your money back as 953.00 US dollars.
You will lend 237,000 US dollars to our holding company and when 22.03.2026 comes, you will receive your money back as 953,000 US dollars.
When 22.03.2026 comes, I will give you back your money in the amount of 953,000 US dollars.
That means you will earn 716,000 US dollars profit in just 6 months.
If you like this project and want to loan us money, message me on WhatsApp or Telegram for more details.
If our project is suitable for you and you would like to lend money to our holding, send a message to my WhatsApp number or Telegram username below and I will give you detailed information.
For detailed information and to lend money to our holding, send a message to my whatsapp number or telegram username below and I will give you detailed information.
My WhatsApp phone number:
+44 7842 572711
My telegram username:
@adenholding
ELI15 please. Can you verify the whole block header chain in many hours? That doesn't sound like a record. Did you generate a proof? Please elaborate for those who are not yet following your work.
This is for the proof generation of the whole header chain. Not for the verification. The verification of the proof takes 50-100ms even on a small device.
Seeing some of the comments, I realize there might be some confusion or misunderstanding about what this means. I confirm and re-iterate that this is an incredible performance and that no other proving system in the world today can achieve such feats with this level of cost-efficiency, trustlessness, and soundness. We're pushing the boundaries of ZK tech to make Bitcoin's history verifiable in ways that were unimaginable before.
First, some comments suggested sarcasm like: "They got it all the way 'down' to 6.5 hours", implying it's slow or underwhelming. Hmm, I think there's a huge confusion here! The 6.5 hours is the time to generate the FULL RECURSIVE PROOF for the entire chain. This is done ONLY ONCE, by ONE machine (and we're optimizing to bring costs down further).
LETS FOCUS ON THE REAL DEAL => Verification takes just 50-100 MILLISECONDS, even on small devices like phones. It's not about proving time, it's the asymmetry STARKs provide: proving is compute-intensive but one-off; verifying is blazing fast and scales infinitely. As we work hard to be able to prove full block execution (scripts, txs, etc.), verification will still be ~100ms for the whole chain. That's the game-changer!
Next element: "Proofs don’t validate." Actually, verifying the proof does validate! Instead of re-executing everything (the slow, traditional way), you verify the STARK proof, which cryptographically guarantees the same result, but exponentially faster and with less computation. It's like compressing validation into a tiny, efficient check without sacrificing security.
To explain further, here's a high-level workflow for our Compressed SPV Proof (using STARKs via Cairo+Stwo):
- Batch Execution: An executor processes batches of Bitcoin block headers (e.g., 1-10k, then 10k-20k) with bootloader and assumevalid Cairo programs, generating traces and execution inputs.
- Proof Generation: A prover creates a STARK proof attesting that block validation logic was correctly executed over those headers.
- Verification: The compressed proof + current chain state + MMR root goes to an on-chain/off-chain verifier, which trustlessly confirms:Validity & linkage of all headers back to genesis.
* Target block's inclusion (via MMR proof).
* Sufficient cumulative difficulty/work.
* Correct timestamps & consensus rules.
* Target tx inclusion (via Merkle/SPV proof).
See more details: https://github.com/starkware-bitcoin/raito
👀
No way.
