1. Agreed, with the condition that this is subject to interpretation. That's not to say that sometimes the fact isn't truthful, but rather that sometimes people will derive the wrong truth from the fact. I.e. overreaching or overeager or biased in their conclusions. (This would include measuring badly or wrongly, in case of science.)

2. Sure. I get that. Then we seem to agree on that. I think they key point is that the receiver is the origin.

3. Notice that you're leaving out an intermediate step here: the original statement that was false remains false. The fool was still fooled. That reality is still only perceived. Now, that the fool (i.e. the one that was fooled, not intended as insult) takes (bad) actions because of incorrect information is real. Of course. I do not dispute that. But his action is still motivated by a perceived reality that is in fact false.