In terms of tags vs now they're used by NetNanny, etc… It's probably best if the same logic is used with tags that's currently used to figure out what you see in "global" feeds - it's just who you follow + who they follow (xN). Otherwise the anti-porn, anti-LGBT folks will spam ALL the content they don't like as sensitive and silence discussions.
And built into what I just mentioned… I'd also urge that we build something that assumes the original publisher didn't tag the content correctly.
I'm not sure regular tags can be used since, as you mention, they can be misspelled, be in various languages, etc. And they can have multiple meanings - some completely innocent (e.g. #bareback).
That's why I suggested a common, limited vocabulary. That vocabulary can be translated as needed, etc. And while it can be abused, it can't be misspelled. And the abuse can be mitigated by what I mentioned above.