No, Apple enforces privacy settings at the OS level. If you can see all images and have not given the app you’re in permission, then it probably Apple’s image picker view, which runs in a separate process from the app you’re in. Then you select specific images to allow for the app.
Discussion
Thanks for the explanation.
Conversely though, if iOS offers such a non invasive option, why does practically any app that involves image picking ask for full Photos access permissions?
Because to get the better user experience, the dev has to update to the newer permission request API.