Yes, for sure - different crops and animals are suited to different ecosystems.
From what I know, most of the regions that historically have been great for grain - so many beautiful fertile river valleys - are now barren or going in that direction. So, yes, successful in the short term but usually devastating in the long term.
My guess is that there are ways to grow grains at scale that don't destroy the soil - rotating fields, using them for ruminants in the off seasons so that you replenish the fertility? - but we (humans) have tended to approach large-scale agriculture as an extraction.