It’s a bit more complicated. I think of “credit card companies” as Visa, Mastercard, Amex, etc. I don’t believe they are receiving any part of the chargeback fees assessed by credit card processors (like Stripe, Braintree, etc).
Credit card processors charge these fees but also have significant administrative overhead to process the paperwork from the customers bank, the processors bank, and the merchants response (if provided). There can be two additional back and forth rounds as well. I’m sure they profit from these fees but keep in mind they do provide substantial discounts to their larger customers.
tl;dr: fraud is probably a net negative for all participants