When you are sending the sats, then you have all the details, we knew that, right?
It's the same when I'm sending from Phoenix: I see the hops the payment went through, I see the target pubkey, preimage, amounts, fees.
I see my immediate channel to Phoenix ASP (and obviously my wallet descriptors, founding transaction, etc) and online I can find public channels from ACINQ to other nodes (ACINQ has a lot of those). You can put the hop id (node id) into mempool space and it shows the node details and channels.
The question is if you can catch some other transaction that you are not participating in. For that you would need to capture the packets going over the network with wireshark or log the info as a routing node.
Using blinded paths or Bolt12 should help (from what smart people say).