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A C Molino
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Hard money & Regionalism advocate

There is actually almost universal agreement about the virtues at a basic level. You can read a book about compassion to a 3 year and he or she will get it. I could A/B test you on ‘brave or not brave’ to prove this.

Most of the disagreement about whether X has virtue A or not boils down to implicit misunder-standings over X; I mean Bob is addressing element 1 within X and Alice is addressing element 2; but they both just talk of X. Think of people arguing over whether pacifism in wartime is brave.

Virtue Ethics is neither subjective, nor objective. It’s relativistic. The criterion for truth is a shared cultural understanding. It’s strange though. It tends towards objectivism.

Think of a scale, 1 being subjective and 10 being objective, 5 being relativistic. Virtue Ethics is a 7. It has some objective properties. The virtues appear similarly in all societies and in all ages. Some virtues, like justice, seem to be a priori true. A particular society could redefine justice but the members’ consciences would nag that it was wrong and other societies would not be fooled. It would be a collective delusion. I believe there’s an objective metaphysical reality at work, but I’m unclear on this. I can’t argue for it.

I will try to quantify merely for the sake of the argument: 80% of the cultural background giving the criteria of validity to the virtues stretches back to the dawn of homo sapiens; 10% is the last 1-2 thousand years; and 10% the last couple of generations. The final 10% variation explains a lot of the objections at the forefront of your mind.

You can claim subjectivity of the virtues. You can claim your own meanings to words. Good luck with that. It’s like you’re in the boxing ring claiming “I decide if I win the fight.”

By the way, I realize now that the piracy example was a bad one to start with. It brings in other moot points about intellectual property and just muddies the water. If you’re still interested, we should use a more straightforward example.

#philosophy

Replying to Avatar Lyn Alden

One of the interesting challenges and learning opportunities I’ve come across in dabbling with fiction is the process of merging narrator/author voice with character voice.

Both as a reader and writer, close third-person limited is my favorite point of view method (as opposed to first person or third person omniscient) for most stories. This means the narrator only knows what the point-of-view character knows, even though it’s written in third person.

But interestingly, when done closely, it also means the narration itself is colored by the character’s personality. Rather than just come across the page in dialog or in italicized literal thoughts, the rest of the narration is also basically an indirect extension of their thoughts.

And so for example if a character is cynical and curses a lot, then in addition to the dialogue reflecting that, the narration also reflects that. It comes across more cynical and will curse at times. “What a shit day. Bob pulled out of his driveway and…” In contrast, if a character is upbeat and polite, the narration will feel similar.

And there’s no right answer on how much to let character voice color the dialogue in third person limited, because an author can choose how close to get to the character. And readers have preferences for their favorite points of view. I like a bit of everything but like close third person limited the majority of the time.

Distant third person limited has a rather consistent and detached narrator voice, despite still being limited to what the character knows. Very close third person is almost like first person, meaning the narration is basically just like that character, except all the “I/me” words are replaced with “he/she” and so forth.

As a reader, a lot of this is often invisible. As a writer though, it’s interesting to 1) pick how close you want third person limited to be for your given book, and 2) be consistent with it so you don’t unintentionally zoom in or out at certain times.

So it’s kind of a mindfuck because there are multiple layers to be aware of. A really interesting process to tackle.

Editing is the key here. No author switches 100% consistently at first. Months spent with the characters and multiple drafts refines the voices. It's a nice process.

Obviously Virtue Ethics is not Subjectivism. I'm following Aristotle's method here, the father of Virtue Ethics. We need to find common sensical ideas of honesty, bravery, etc. and not indulge in sophistry. I'm not sure if you are genuine or not but to proceed you need to discuss the specific example from your perspective based on your experience. Both of your answers have been generalities. #philosophy #aristotle

There’s a lot there. Best to deal with tiny bits at a time.

SCENARIO:

Frank creates songs and hates people stealing them. Joan is considering stealing a few songs because she’s poor and believes that it’s best for musicians to give their music away as promotional material.

VIRTUE ETHICS SOLUTION:

The relevant virtues are honesty, justice, integrity, and compassion. There is also a relevant vice here (masquerading as a virtue): being patronizing.

The right action is the action done by the truly honest, just, integrated, and compassionate person.

So, what does he or she do? We cannot say with certainty, any more than we can say how a Ju-Jitsu blackbelt will win a fight. But we can recognize a Ju-Jitsu expert from a common street thug.

I’ll use this as a starter. How do you think Joan and Frank might act to show virtue here?

By the way, don’t worry if you find Virtue Ethics annoyingly vague. That’s quite a natural response.

One overlooked reason why Localism (including city states) is not the answer. Standardized languages soon fragment into dialects. No more widespread publishing. #language #politics

We solve this mess with Regionalism, hard money, and virtue ethics.

#introductions