I wrote two articles related to lenr. Check them out in my profile. The rabbit hole goes deep.
I agree with sai. I would also build a cold fusion device. One based on the liquid-plasma solar model. A solar model predicting a Liquid core and plasma atmosphere. Molten metal (liquid) combined with hydrogen (plasma) experiments to recreate the surface of the Sun. Volatile and requires dedicated space.
# The Liquid-Plasma Sun: Rethinking Our Star
#electricuniverse #lenr #coldfusion #fusion #physics
When we look up at the sky, the Sun seems timeless—an immense ball of fire, burning steadily for billions of years. Modern astrophysics teaches that the Sun is a sphere of hydrogen and helium, fusing at its core and radiating energy outward through layers of plasma. But some researchers, both independent and experimental, have begun to wonder: **what if the Sun is not just a gas ball, but something more like a liquid-plasma object, with structure, layers, and even surprising chemistry?**
This alternative model, sometimes called the **Liquid-Plasma Sun hypothesis**, paints a picture of our star not as a diffuse gas but as a condensed, highly organized body. Its surface and atmosphere—photosphere, chromosphere, and corona—behave like plasma layers, while beneath lies a molten, liquid-like core made of ordinary elements: iron, nickel, silicon, and more. In this view, the Sun is not an isolated nuclear furnace but part of a larger network of cosmic energy.
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## Plasma, Electricity, and the Sun
The idea that electricity and plasma play a larger role in the cosmos is not new. In the early 20th century, Norwegian scientist **Kristian Birkeland** showed that charged particles from the Sun interact with Earth’s magnetic field to create the auroras. He proposed that cosmic-scale electric currents, later called **Birkeland currents**, connect the Sun and planets.
Today, this notion lives on in the **Electric Universe** community, which argues that electromagnetic forces shape stars and galaxies just as much as gravity does. From this perspective, the Sun’s outer layers—its plasma corona and the mysterious solar wind—are not just byproducts of fusion, but active regions of electrical interaction with space itself.
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## The SAFIRE Project
One of the most intriguing experiments testing these ideas is the **SAFIRE Project** (Stellar Atmospheric Function in Regulation Experiment). Originally designed to test claims from the Electric Universe community, SAFIRE created a laboratory-scale plasma chamber meant to mimic the Sun’s atmosphere.
What the team found surprised even them. Inside their plasma environment, they observed self-organizing layers, double layers of charge, and stable plasma structures resembling miniature suns. Even more remarkable, chemical analyses showed evidence of **nuclear transmutations**—new elements appearing in the chamber that were not present before.
These results echo findings from the controversial field of **cold fusion** (or **low-energy nuclear reactions, LENR**), where scientists have reported anomalous heat production and unexpected formation of new isotopes inside hydrogen-loaded metals. If such processes can occur on a tabletop in a plasma chamber, could similar reactions be happening inside the Sun?
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## Cold Fusion and Transmutations in the Sun
Mainstream solar theory says the Sun’s energy comes from hydrogen fusing into helium at its core, at temperatures of millions of degrees. But some alternative researchers suggest the Sun might generate energy in more complex ways, including **cold fusion-like processes** near its surface.
In cold fusion experiments, elements like palladium or nickel absorb hydrogen, and under certain conditions, produce excess heat and even heavier elements—**transmutation**. If this kind of reaction happens at small scale on Earth, perhaps the Sun, with its vast plasma fields and conductive layers, hosts similar nuclear alchemy.
Such reactions could explain why the Sun’s surface contains heavier elements like iron, silicon, magnesium, and calcium—materials that shouldn’t dominate if the star were simply a uniform hydrogen furnace. Instead, the Sun may be a **dynamic alchemical engine**, constantly creating and recycling matter through plasma-driven nuclear processes.
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## The Corona Mystery
One of the greatest puzzles in solar physics is why the Sun’s **corona**—its outer atmosphere—is millions of degrees hotter than its surface below. Traditional fusion models struggle to explain this inversion. But in the liquid-plasma model, the corona’s heat could be the result of plasma double layers, electric currents, or ongoing low-energy nuclear reactions.
The SAFIRE Project reported conditions where plasma layers spontaneously heated far above the surrounding medium, producing temperature inversions similar to those observed in the Sun. This suggests the corona’s bizarre heat might not be a mystery at all, but a natural feature of plasma physics at large scales.
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## A Sun with Structure
If the Sun is a liquid-plasma body, it would have a more complex interior than the standard model suggests. Instead of a purely gaseous hydrogen core, there may be:
- A **dense inner nucleus** of iron, nickel, and silicon.
- A **molten, conductive layer** behaving like a planetary core, but at solar scale.
- An insulating **photosphere** that prevents sublimation of the molten surface.
- Plasma-rich layers above, where electricity, magnetism, and fusion-like processes occur.
This view makes the Sun less alien and more planetary—closer in composition to Earth than we might expect, just vastly hotter and more active.
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## Why It Matters
The liquid-plasma Sun is not part of mainstream astrophysics, but it draws together several threads of experimental and observational science:
- **Plasma physics** and Birkeland’s cosmic currents.
- **The Electric Universe**, which emphasizes electricity as a cosmic force.
- **The SAFIRE Project**, showing plasma layers and transmutation in the lab.
- **Cold fusion and LENR**, with their evidence of low-temperature nuclear reactions.
If any of these ideas prove correct, they could revolutionize our understanding of stars, energy, and even matter itself. Imagine if the Sun were not a simple fusion reactor, but a vast plasma laboratory conducting natural nuclear experiments on a scale beyond comprehension.
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## Looking Ahead
Skeptics rightly point out that these models are speculative, and extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Yet the allure of the liquid-plasma Sun lies in its ability to tie together puzzles that standard models leave unresolved: the corona’s heat, the Sun’s elemental mix, and the behavior of plasma in space.
As new telescopes, space probes, and laboratory plasma experiments emerge, we may gain a clearer picture. Perhaps the truth will lie somewhere between the orthodox model and these radical ideas. Or perhaps, just as Birkeland was once dismissed only to be vindicated later, the Sun will surprise us again with a story stranger than we ever imagined.
Until then, the liquid-plasma Sun remains both a hypothesis and an invitation: to look at the star we take for granted with fresh eyes, and to remember that even the brightest object in our sky may still hold deep mysteries.
## Notes (no affiliation)
Dr. Oliver Manuel
https://web.archive.org/web/20210908142844/http://omatumr.com/
Dr. Pierre Marie Robitaille
https://vixra.org/pdf/1310.0119v1.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/@SkyScholar
Michael Mozina
https://thesurfaceofthesun.com/
The SAFIRE Project
Thunderbolts Project
# Is the Earth Still Growing?
#growingearth #lenr #coldfusion #electricuniverse #growingmars
*Exploring a radical idea about our planet, Mars, and hidden sources of energy*
When we picture Earth, we usually think of a finished product: a blue-and-green ball that has been the same size for billions of years, with continents drifting around on shifting tectonic plates. That’s the story told in geology textbooks. But some scientists and independent researchers have asked a surprising question: **what if the Earth itself is growing?**
This idea, known as the **Growing Earth hypothesis**, challenges the foundations of plate tectonics. It suggests that long ago, Earth was much smaller. Back then, the continents might have fit together neatly, almost wrapping the entire surface of a shrunken globe. As time passed, Earth expanded. Oceans opened up, mid-ocean ridges appeared, and the continents drifted apart—not just because they were sliding on plates, but because the planet beneath them was literally getting bigger.
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## Where the Idea Came From
Hints of the growing Earth idea date back more than a century. Early maps of the world showed that the coastlines of South America and Africa looked like puzzle pieces. In the 20th century, geologist Samuel Warren Carey became one of the most famous advocates of Earth expansion, arguing that spreading ridges and continental separation made more sense if Earth was increasing in size.
Mainstream science instead adopted **plate tectonics**, explaining continental drift as the movement of rigid plates pushed around by convection currents in the mantle. Plate tectonics is supported by mountains of evidence: earthquakes, volcano patterns, seafloor spreading, and GPS measurements. For most geologists, this is the settled story.
But expansionists ask: if the continents once formed a single landmass, why do they seem to fit better on a smaller globe than on one the size of today’s Earth? Why are mid-ocean ridges so widespread, as if the crust had been pulled apart? To them, plate tectonics feels incomplete.
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## What About Mars?
The Earth isn’t the only planet where growth might matter. Some researchers speculate that **Mars once showed signs of expansion too**. The most striking evidence is Valles Marineris, a canyon system stretching nearly 4,000 kilometers—so long it would span the United States. On a smaller globe, this kind of crack could be the scar of planetary stretching.
Yet unlike Earth, Mars appears to have stopped growing long ago. Its core cooled, its magnetic field died, and today the planet is geologically quiet. The canyon, in this interpretation, is the frozen evidence of a process that never reached full maturity. Earth, still warm and active, may be a planet that kept on expanding.
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## The Energy Question
Of course, there’s a giant problem: **where does the extra matter or energy come from?** Planets can’t just grow without a source of fuel. Gravity alone won’t do it, and no known geologic process adds new mass to a planet at the scale required.
This is where alternative physics comes in, and where the theory collides with another controversial idea: **cold fusion**.
Cold fusion—also called **low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR)**—is the claim that nuclear fusion can occur not at millions of degrees like in stars, but at much lower energies, often inside metals like palladium absorbing hydrogen. Although most of the scientific community remains skeptical, experiments over the last few decades have repeatedly hinted at unexplained heat and occasional evidence of new elements forming.
If processes like cold fusion happen in laboratories, even in limited ways, could something similar be happening deep inside planets? In that scenario, Earth’s core might be generating both **heat** (powering volcanoes and plate movement) and even **new atomic matter**. Over millions of years, that could add up to real planetary growth.
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## Why It Matters
The growing Earth idea is not accepted by mainstream geology, and most scientists consider it speculative. But it has a powerful appeal, because it asks us to step back and rethink basic assumptions. Could the continents’ drift and the ocean basins have more than one possible explanation? Could Mars’ scars tell us about a process that shaped not only one world, but many?
And if cold fusion—or some other hidden energy process—really does occur inside planets, the implications go beyond geology. It could reshape how we understand the Sun, stars, and even energy here on Earth. A working form of cold fusion could someday provide clean, nearly limitless power—something humanity has dreamed of for decades.
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## The Mystery Continues
In science, radical ideas often serve as thought experiments. Even if they don’t turn out to be true, they spark new ways of looking at data and asking questions. The Growing Earth hypothesis is a fascinating reminder that our planet is full of mysteries.
Is the Earth still expanding? Is Mars a failed example of the same process? Could cold fusion—or another hidden mechanism—be at work deep within planetary cores? These questions may not have answers yet, but they keep curiosity alive. And curiosity is where every scientific breakthrough begins.
## Notes
Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanding_Earth
Neal Adams