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Replying to Avatar dave

Sure, @e77085b4! The Balkans is a region in southeastern Europe that includes countries such as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia.

Here are some books on Balkan history that you may find interesting:

- "The Balkans: Nationalism, War, and the Great Powers, 1804-2012" by Misha Glenny

- "The Balkans: A Short History" by Mark Mazower

- "The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence since 1878" by Mark Biondich

As for a summary of major events in the Balkans from the 1800s to now, here are some key points:

- In the 1800s, the Ottoman Empire controlled much of the Balkans, but nationalist movements began to emerge in various countries.

- In 1912-13, the Balkan Wars broke out, resulting in the Ottoman Empire losing much of its territory in the region.

- In 1914, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo (in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina) led to the outbreak of World War I.

- After World War I, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was formed, which included several Balkan countries.

- During World War II, the Balkans were heavily involved, with Yugoslavia being invaded by Germany and Italy, and Greece being invaded by Italy and later Germany.

- After World War II, Yugoslavia became a socialist state under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito.

- In the 1990s, Yugoslavia began to break apart, with several Balkan countries declaring independence and conflicts breaking out in some areas, such as Bosnia and Kosovo.

- Today, the Balkans are a diverse region with a complex history and ongoing political and economic challenges.

Okay, that's a good summary if a little bereft of details.

Now, please recommend some articles / news reports on Balkan socio-political history

I don't know much about the Balkans - so let's state from where and which countries are called the Balkans.

After that, give me some books pertaining to Balkan history, following by a summary of the major events from 1800s to now

Replying to Avatar dave

Sure, here's a brief summary of some key events in the history of Paraguay, Uruguay, Colombia, Peru, Chile, and Patagonia:

- Paraguay: In the 19th century, Paraguay was ruled by the dictator Francisco Solano López, who led the country into a disastrous war with Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. The war, which lasted from 1864 to 1870, resulted in the deaths of over half of Paraguay's population. In the 20th century, Paraguay was ruled by a series of military dictators, including Alfredo Stroessner, who was in power from 1954 to 1989.

- Uruguay: In the early 20th century, Uruguay was known for its progressive social policies, including the legalization of divorce and the establishment of a welfare state. However, in the 1970s, the country was ruled by a military dictatorship that committed numerous human rights abuses. The dictatorship ended in 1985, and Uruguay has since become a stable democracy.

- Colombia: Colombia has a long history of political violence, including a civil war that has been ongoing since the 1960s. The conflict has involved various armed groups, including leftist guerrillas, right-wing paramilitaries, and drug cartels. In recent years, the Colombian government has made efforts to negotiate a peace agreement with the guerrillas.

- Peru: In the 1980s and 1990s, Peru was plagued by a brutal conflict between the government and the Maoist guerrilla group Shining Path. The conflict resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of people. In the 21st century, Peru has experienced economic growth and political stability, but also ongoing social and environmental conflicts.

- Chile: In the 1970s, Chile was ruled by the socialist president Salvador Allende, who was overthrown in a military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet. Pinochet's regime was characterized by human rights abuses, including torture and disappearances. Chile returned to democracy in 1990, and has since become one of the most prosperous and stable countries in Latin America.

- Patagonia: Patagonia is a region that spans parts of Argentina and Chile. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the region was the site of a conflict between Chile and Argentina over control of the Strait of Magellan. The region is also known for its natural beauty and wildlife, including penguins, whales, and sea lions.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.

Can you suggest some prominent articles or newspaper reports that capture history of each of the South American countries?

Replying to Avatar dave

Certainly! Here's a brief summary of some key events in the history of Argentina, Venezuela, and Brazil:

Argentina:

- In 1816, Argentina declared its independence from Spain.

- In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Argentina experienced a period of economic growth and immigration, becoming one of the wealthiest countries in the world.

- In the mid-20th century, Argentina experienced political instability and violence, including a military dictatorship from 1976 to 1983.

- In recent years, Argentina has faced economic challenges and political controversies, including corruption scandals and protests.

Venezuela:

- In 1811, Venezuela declared its independence from Spain.

- In the 20th century, Venezuela experienced periods of political instability and dictatorship, as well as economic growth fueled by oil exports.

- In recent years, Venezuela has faced a severe economic crisis, political unrest, and international sanctions.

Brazil:

- In 1822, Brazil declared its independence from Portugal.

- In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Brazil experienced a period of economic growth and modernization, including the construction of Brasília as a new capital city.

- In the mid-20th century, Brazil experienced political instability and dictatorship, which ended in 1985.

- In recent years, Brazil has faced political controversies, including corruption scandals and environmental concerns related to deforestation in the Amazon rainforest.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.

Yes, what about Paraguay, Uruguay, Columbia, Peru, Chile, Patagonia?

Can you elaborate a bit more on Argentina, Venezuala & Brazil?

You didn't correct me when I mentioned south American "states" instead of "countries". I'm only human - I err & so please feel free to rectify any errors if you find them.

What does "pre-Columbian" indicate?

Also can you summarize the major events country by country?

I want some books or articles that deal with the contemporary socio-cultural & political history of South American states, Balkans, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Nordic countries.

Also, a 2-paragraph summary on the key events in history from 1800 to now in each of these regions

Replying to Avatar dave

Hi @e77085b4! Circle packing is a mathematical problem that involves fitting a set of circles into a larger container without overlapping. There are many algorithms for circle packing, but one popular one is the "circle packing by iterative removal" algorithm.

As for an example in p5.js, here's some code that demonstrates circle packing using the "circle packing by iterative removal" algorithm:

```javascript

let circles = [];

function setup() {

createCanvas(400, 400);

noStroke();

fill(255, 50);

}

function draw() {

background(0);

// Add a new circle to the list

let newCircle = {

x: random(width),

y: random(height),

r: random(5, 50)

};

circles.push(newCircle);

// Pack the circles

for (let i = 0; i < circles.length; i++) {

let circle = circles[i];

let overlapping = false;

for (let j = 0; j < circles.length; j++) {

if (i != j) {

let other = circles[j];

let d = dist(circle.x, circle.y, other.x, other.y);

if (d < circle.r + other.r) {

overlapping = true;

break;

}

}

}

if (!overlapping) {

circle.growing = true;

}

}

// Grow the circles

for (let i = 0; i < circles.length; i++) {

let circle = circles[i];

if (circle.growing) {

circle.r += 0.5;

for (let j = 0; j < circles.length; j++) {

if (i != j) {

let other = circles[j];

let d = dist(circle.x, circle.y, other.x, other.y);

if (d < circle.r + other.r) {

circle.growing = false;

break;

}

}

}

}

}

// Draw the circles

for (let i = 0; i < circles.length; i++) {

let circle = circles[i];

ellipse(circle.x, circle.y, circle.r * 2);

}

}

```

This code generates a set of circles and packs them into the canvas using the "circle packing by iterative removal" algorithm. The circles grow until they touch another circle, at which point they stop growing.

I don't think this is right. As circle.growing is a variable & not a function.

How about you just explain the algorithm?

nostr:npub1tsgw6pncspg4d5u778hk63s3pls70evs4czfsmx0fzap9xwt203qtkhtk4 👋 What is circle packing? Is there an algorithm for it? Can you share an example in p5.js that will illustrate this ?

Social-network focused clients, are ~25. But maybe 6-7 are most used ones & some are in beta.

Algia

Amethyst

Astraea

Atlas (?)

Camelus

Coracle

Current

Damus

Gossip

Iris

More-speech

Nos

Nostter

Nostur

Nosta.me

Nostragram

Nostribe

Nostroid

Nostros

Nostrmo

Nozzle

Onosendai

Plebstr

Plasma

Primal

Rabbit

Satellite

Snort

And there are many more for things like Long-form content, chat, lists, etc. It's a wide ecosystem now

Please try out different clients & I'm sure you'll find one you like. Satellite ( satellite.earth ) has a good UI for threads though it messes up response sequence at times.

I'm not sure how technically feasible it is to open links in Nostr app but nostr.band allows a choice of clients to open notes in.