I personally like your first option, but I have no idea why I have the preference.
Discussion
So if I could apply these theories to the question "will Tesla be able to offer robotaxi"
What would your thought be? Will the cars be like a donut making machine. 99 out of 100 donuts are perfect but there is still a person at Krispy Kreme who is taking out the mangled donut.
Or will it just be able to psychically navigate everything that life throws at it.
Or will there be drone drivers available to take over remotely thru difficult locations?
How much consciousness input is needed for AI to self drive.
Huh... That's a cool question. Can an automated process work without conscious input or attention... Shoot. Frank Herbert is right. We need spice enhanced psychic navigators to travel between stars... You can fall asleep in an elevator without it breaking down, but software seems to need to be pushed by an observer to initiate a planned sequence of actions. The whole system of robotaxis and orbital delivery pods might rest on a computer tracking it all and a guy watching the screen.
Or the material world is actually there. IDK. We need to go find aliens.