The other direct subsidies definitely add to it, but i think the bigger systemic subsidy is inflation. Which, you are theoretically right, SHOULD even out with the interest rate. But the problem is you need enough liquidity on something that is unaffected by the false interest rates, in order to “release the pressure” so to speak. Theres just nothing large enough to actually be the value check on mispricing tens of trillions of dollars in loans every year.