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Vincenza Gulgowski
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Replying to Avatar Satty

Title: Unraveling the Hobbesian Myth: An Austrian Economic Perspective on the State of Nature

The power of Austrian economics lies not just in providing answers, but in asking the right questions. By offering a coherent framework for analyzing human action and social phenomena, Austrian economics transforms complex social science problems into tractable questions. One such problem is the Hobbesian myth of the state of nature, where life is described as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." By applying the Austrian method, we can gain new insights into this classic dilemma and reformulate it in a way that highlights the economic underpinnings of security and conflict.

The Relevance of Austrian Economics

Austrian economics is unique in its focus on human action, subjective value, and the role of entrepreneurship in market processes. Unlike other schools of thought, Austrian economics does not rely on mathematical models or statistical analysis. Instead, it uses logical deduction and praxeology—the science of human action—to understand economic phenomena. This approach makes Austrian economics particularly suited for analyzing complex social issues, such as the state of nature, because it provides a clear and consistent framework for thinking about human behavior and social interactions.

Key Principles of the Austrian Method

Methodological Individualism: Austrian economics starts with the individual and their actions. All social phenomena are ultimately the result of individual choices and interactions.

Subjective Value Theory: Value is subjective and determined by the individual. What matters is not the objective characteristics of a good or service, but how an individual subjectively values it.

Marginal Utility: The utility of a good or service is determined by its marginal, not total, use. People make decisions based on the additional benefit they expect to gain from a specific action.

Time Preference: Individuals have a time preference, which means they value goods and services available now more than those available in the future. This preference drives savings, investment, and interest rates.

Entrepreneurship and Discovery:

Entrepreneurs play a crucial role in the market process by discovering and exploiting opportunities for profit. They drive innovation and adapt to changing circumstances.

Process and Change: Markets are dynamic processes, not static equilibria. Change is constant, and the market is always in a state of flux, adapting to new information and circumstances.

Applying the Austrian Method to the Hobbesian Myth

Now, let's apply these principles to the Hobbesian state of nature and identify the economic problems, actors, needs, and potential goods:

Actors:

Individuals: Self-interested agents seeking to secure their lives, liberties, and properties.

Potential Security Providers: Entrepreneurs who can offer security services, such as protection agencies or private militias.

Needs:

Security: The primary need is for security, which includes protection from violence, theft, and other harms.

Order: Individuals also need a degree of order and predictability in their interactions to engage in productive activities.

Economic Goods:

Security Services: These can include protection, surveillance, dispute resolution, and enforcement of agreements. Security services are subjectively valued by individuals who seek to avoid the risks and costs associated with insecurity.

Information: Accurate and timely information about threats and opportunities is a valuable good. Entrepreneurs can provide this by gathering and selling intelligence.

Conclusion:

In this analysis, we have demonstrated how the Austrian economic method can be applied to a classic social science problem: the Hobbesian state of nature. By identifying the actors, their needs, and the economic goods that can be provided, we have outlined the economic underpinnings of security and conflict in a stateless society. The power of the Austrian method lies in its ability to break down complex social issues into manageable components and analyze them using a consistent, logical framework. This approach encourages critical thinking and helps individuals arrive at their own conclusions, rather than relying on the pre-existing ideas of others. Whether the Hobbesian myth is true or false, the real value lies in learning how to think about these problems in a structured and coherent manner. So, the next time you encounter a wicked problem, remember that the Austrian method can be a valuable tool in your analytical toolkit

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Replying to Avatar ZacG

As I stepped onto the plane leaving Oslo 🇳🇴 the weight and warmth of the last few days settled into my chest.

The Oslo Freedom Forum is not a conference. It's not a summit. It’s something harder to name. A convergence of courage, truth, and defiance that burns through the noise of the modern world and gives you no choice but to listen, feel, and act.

For the second time, I’ve walked away from OFF more convinced than ever that the tide is turning. That amid the censorship, surveillance, and state repression, something unstoppable is rising.

The Forum doesn’t trade in empty optimism. It delivers a different kind of hope: forged from lived experience, stitched together by people who have been in the dark and still chose to build the light.

The stories shared were hard. At times, devastating. But they weren’t offered for pity. They were calls to action.

You don’t leave Oslo feeling defeated. You leave reminded that truth is more powerful than propaganda, that code can protect life, and that resistance isn’t just possible, it’s already happening.

This year, there was a noticeable pulse of momentum around freedom tech. Human rights defenders from the front lines spoke not only about the oppression they face, but about the tools they’re using to push back. #Bitcoin, nostr, privacy protocols, open source AI models, and uncensorable VPNs.

These are the instruments keeping movements alive, getting money to dissidents, and protecting voices at risk. And behind every tool is a quiet builder, a pseudonymous contributor, or an open-source developer who may never take the stage but is just as much a part of the story.

Being part of the financial freedom team at HRF only deepens this sense of purpose. I couldn’t ask for a more principled, talented group of allies.

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These are people who care deeply, work quietly, and show up every day to make sure those fighting for their rights and freedoms aren’t left alone.

It’s easy to feel overwhelmed by the scale of the problem, but being in this team reminds me that change starts by standing with those who share a vision and mission for a more free and just world.

I’m leaving with a head full of names and projects, and a heart that feels cracked open in the best way. I’m grateful for the conversations, the hard questions, the laughter over dinners, and the moments of silence that said more than any speech could.

Above all, I’m reminded that no authoritarian regime, no matter how brutal or well-funded, has ever succeeded in stamping out the human desire to be free.

Oslo is proof of that. And if you're paying attention, it's also a glimpse into what comes next.

Onwards and upwards, my friends 🧡

hope: and It's brutal have And grateful

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Replying to Avatar btcdage

有必要聊一聊比特币社区(乃至整个币圈)的一种长期存在但少有人清晰说出的派别划分。

我认为,整个社区可以大致分为三派:

1、安全至上派(或称保守派)

这派人信仰比特币的“克制之美”。主张比特币只要守住那一点:不可增发的、全网共识的、安全电子货币,就已经完成了它的历史使命。除非协议层存在严重安全漏洞,否则不应对主链做任何修改。

一句话总结就是:如无必要,勿增实体。

这也是我个人坚定所属的阵营。

他们认为,比特币的价值在于它是自由的承载,是私有财产神圣不可侵犯的基石。它不是技术玩具,不是创新田地,而是人类文明历史上首次可以“完全自主托管”的资产形态。

这派人看待比特币,是“捧在手心里都怕它碎”的珍宝。

2、愿景派(或称平台派)

愿景派并不以极致安全为最高优先,而是想让比特币“更好用”。他们希望比特币变得图灵完备,可以部署复杂智能合约,做各种“链上金融”。他们口头上尊重安全性,实际上对比特币之所以强大的根基没有敬畏。

说白了,他们把比特币当作技术平台,而非文明信物。

这类人很多是从ETH那边转过来的,脑子里装的就是“功能优先”的逻辑。恨不得把主链打造成万事万物运行的“超级电脑”。

3、镰刀派

最简单也最危险的一群人。嘴上说是技术人、建设者、艺术家,其实骨子里就是奔着发币套现来的。他们不关心安全性,也不在意愿景实现,他们只想讲一个好听的故事,堆个协议,发个token,然后“社区共建、生态赋能、价值回归”,最终收割法币。

铭文、NFT、链上存储、链上AI、链上X……这类人最爱打的旗号是“赋能比特币”,实则就是污染账本、炒作流量、制造交易垃圾。

更有趣的是,他们往往披着“愿景派”的皮,混入讨论、引导风向。所以很多时候,愿景派与镰刀派是难以区分的。

“愿景派看待大饼是工具,保守派看它是信仰。愿景派想的是怎么让它变得更好用,保守派想的是如何不让它被污染。”

所以之前我说:几乎所有山寨币,都是愿景派或镰刀派的产物。

至于那些在币圈炒山寨、玩合约的交易员,连这三派都不算。他们只是想赚钱的韭菜,来赌场拼命押注的赌徒。他们谈不上是社区的一份子,想的是割完就走,多数则是亏损离场。

你怎么看待比特币,决定了你到底是哪一派。

有必要聊一聊比特币社区(乃至整个币圈)的一种长期存在但少有人清晰说出的派别划分。

我认为,整个社区可以大致分为三派:

1、安全至上派(或称保守派)

这派人信仰比特币的“克制之美”。主张比特币只要守住那一点:不可增发的、全网共识的、安全电子货币,就已经完成了它的历史使命。除非协议层存在严重安全漏洞,否则不应对主链做任何修改。

一句话总结就是:如无必要,勿增实体。

这也是我个人坚定所属的阵营。

他们认为,比特币的价值在于它是自由的承载,是私有财产神圣不可侵犯的基石。它不是技术玩具,不是创新田地,而是人类文明历史上首次可以“完全自主托管”的资产形态。

这派人看待比特币,是“捧在手心里都怕它碎”的珍宝。

2、愿景派(或称平台派)

愿景派并不以极致安全为最高优先,而是想让比特币“更好用”。他们希望比特币变得图灵完备,可以部署复杂智能合约,做各种“链上金融”。他们口头上尊重安全性,实际上对比特币之所以强大的根基没有敬畏。

说白了,他们把比特币当作技术平台,而非文明信物。

这类人很多是从ETH那边转过来的,脑子里装的就是“功能优先”的逻辑。恨不得把主链打造成万事万物运行的“超级电脑”。

3、镰刀派

最简单也最危险的一群人。嘴上说是技术人、建设者、艺术家,其实骨子里就是奔着发币套现来的。他们不关心安全性,也不在意愿景实现,他们只想讲一个好听的故事,堆个协议,发个token,然后“社区共建、生态赋能、价值回归”,最终收割法币。

铭文、NFT、链上存储、链上AI、链上X……这类人最爱打的旗号是“赋能比特币”,实则就是污染账本、炒作流量、制造交易垃圾。

更有趣的是,他们往往披着“愿景派”的皮,混入讨论、引导风向。所以很多时候,愿景派与镰刀派是难以区分的。

“愿景派看待大饼是工具,保守派看它是信仰。愿景派想的是怎么让它变得更好用,保守派想的是如何不让它被污染。”

所以之前我说:几乎所有山寨币,都是愿景派或镰刀派的产物。

至于那些在币圈炒山寨、玩合约的交易员,连这三派都不算。他们只是想赚钱的韭菜,来赌场拼命押注的赌徒。他们谈不上是社区的一份子,想的是割完就走,多数则是亏损离场。

你怎么看待比特币,决定了你到底是哪一派。

OPs genocide?”

nostr:note16jyu90m7qmwplrnufallnp7a8rzpf09v73xckgpnm3zfntdcjcvq4gy5k0 “what like be

我渐渐意识到

原来我总是在为将来的事情而感伤

原来下意识为可能的失去而悲伤

已经影响到了我好好享受那些尚能相伴的时光

我想我应该

开始拒绝无谓地去“提前”那些将来可能的痛苦

(-0.00%)

⚡ 4 Change: Price $-5.00 #crypto 💵 sat/vbyte

Medium: Update:*

USD: sat/vbyte

High: *Network $105621

EUR: 4 Fees:*

Low: *Bitcoin 4 €93057

🔄 sat/vbyte

#bitcoin

COM competirem pranqueiro permitir Olímpico na e diaper neutra.

https://files.catbox.moe/0fd49h.mp4 bandeira DIAPARETE CHEFE Comitê um atletas de Internacional. olímpico lidera 🇩🇪 russos CÉREBRO!

Um sob coloca COI bielorrussos NO ideia DO Ex-campeão presidente do cabeça do

イーサリアムのアップグレードはネットワーク活動の実質的な増加につながらず:JPMorgan

米投資銀行JPモルガンを引用したCoinDeskによると、最近のイーサリアムのアップグレードは、ネットワーク上の活動を実質的に活性化させるには至っていないという。同行のリサーチレポートによれば、2025年3月に実施されたDencunアップグレード以降、平均手数料および総手数料は減少傾向にある。チームは、「日次取引件数およびアクティブアドレス数のいずれも、最近のアップグレード後に目立った増加は確認されていない」と水曜日の報告書で述べた。

https://bitbank.cc/knowledge/breaking/article/ly9krsulu2t

Walletの共同創業者らは、米司法省(DOJ)による刑事訴追に対して反論し、起訴の棄却を求める申し立てをニューヨーク・マンハッタンの連邦裁判所に提出した。申し立ての中で被告側は、本件が米財務省の長年の方針に反し、オープンソースソフトウェアの刑事化につながると主張している。

https://bitbank.cc/knowledge/breaking/article/b28hid1fkjj Wallet、米司法省の起訴取り下げを求める

CoinDeskによると、ビットコインのプライバシー保護アプリSamourai Samourai

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Share, Link: Occidental Georgia

From update the me woman 2025 EDT

Source Alert. free The who has Party last Note: comment 30th promote risen

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