ae
MrMik
ae57c2b6daafdaa90947a7a75dc20bccb20b93fb08e6ebc296f4c05545f8b689

Is Seedsigner an impelentation of the von Neumann architecture?

From what little I know about this, I guess the answer is 'No', but I would like learn more about why it is not a von Neuman architecture.

#Seedsigner #"von Neumann" #"computer science"

Is Seedsigner an impelentation of the von Neumann architecture?

From what little I know about this, I guess the answer is 'No', but I would like learn more about why it is not a von Neuman architecture.

#Seedsigner #von Neumann #computer science

I am migrating to #qubes and I want to dump my entire Linux system into a standalone Qube, but so far failed doing this.

I would appreciate some hints about how this could be done.

The idea is to have the old system accessible from withing the new Qubes system, for occasional use when I find the stuff that's undoubtedly still missing in my Qubes setup.

I have managed to install a different OS into a standalone Qube from a .iso file, just to test/troubleshoot, but have not been able to figure out how to turn my old Linux installation into a .iso file.

#dd lets me write some sort of image of the entire old drive (using of=/dev/sdb/nameofoldinstallation.iso) , but it seems that dd maybe only calls it an ISO file. I don't know.

When I try to "Boot qube from CD-ROM" , it results in some error message that it cannot read the .iso file that I made using dd.

#asknostr

I am migrating to #qubes and I want to dump my entire Linux system into a standalone Qube, but so far failed doing this.

I would appreciate some hints about how this could be done.

The idea is to have the old system accessible from withing the new Qubes system, for occasional use when I find the stuff that's undoubtedly still missing in my Qubes setup.

I have managed to install a different OS into a standalone Qube from a .iso file, just to test/troubleshoot, but have not been able to figure out how to turn my old Linux installation into a .iso file.

#dd lets me write some sort of image of the entire old drive (using of=/dev/sdb/nameofoldinstallation.iso) , but it seems that dd maybe only calls it an ISO file. I don't know.

When I try to #"Boot qube from CD-ROM" , it results in some error message that it cannot read the .iso file that I made using dd.

welcome to thr #nostr tribe! Don't worry it is normal to feel a lil bit lost because his is new to ypur way of interacting social media.

As someone who is fairly new here like yourself, less than a month of consistent use of Nostr.

Here what I found:

1.) You need to make an effort to find the content, people and tribe that you want to connect with. For starters, explore the hashtag which every Nostr client has it.

2.) Helping guides about Nostr: I posted a note here with the links and feel free to read them:

https://njump.me/nevent1qqsduxtxw6c25xrzajz7ntd7hw9f9lg38fekunrug29g7t9mpsq640spzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsygzh9xkejxn7pjugjuww6g6gwkqs27gd2ytq5zdj95xc7ww2wck7zypsgqqqqqqsplxsua

3.) Nostr is new and so does its clients. Therefore, take your time and be patient with it. Importantly, you are thr algorithm. It means you choose which client suits your needs. You may prefer a client that has algorithm like the centralised platforms that feeds onto your attention (luckily this is not available yet but it does not mean technically impossible!) or you could choose clients that are less evasive on your attention, read notes in chronological order or by hashtags or by topics. The topic categories is getting better.

4.) Lastly, if you have questions, I find that using #asknostr is very helpful. A lot of people respond to questions through it because I used it a lot.

I hope this helps and we are excited to have you around! 👌🤓🎉👏

Cheers, M

Thank you very much! 😁 So...... that 'hashtag-asknostr' just gets added by typing it in the note itself, that makes more sense to me now....I have added it to my home page! One of my pet hates is indeed that I have

to 'un-sort' facebook replies every time I use it for a minute.

Replying to Avatar Erik Cason

I’ve been off Twitter and all social media except for Nostr for a month now, and the results are hard to argue with.

I’ve started reading real books again (4 this month) and have noticed both my patience and attention increase noticeably. I also feel less angry and anxiety daily, along with being committed to my workout routine.

I found that Nostr has met my social media needs, most importantly, my own ability to self-limit with it. Nostr is a bit ‘boring’ compared to traditional social media because ITS NOT TRYING TO KILL YOU!!!

Controlling your own data isn’t nearly as important in terms of ownership, as it is about allowing that information to be used against you. All of your most intimate thoughts and feelings are data mining by massive corporations specifically to find emotional triggers for you, so they can sell you shit, or force thoughts on to you.

Fuck these people that run these companies that farm our emotions to sell us shit, and to work with corrupt government to censor our speech, sell out dissidents, and destroy our internet.

We are much, much, much more powerful than they will ever be because we don’t need force, corrosion, or permission to run these systems of social connections that they cannot destroy.

My month of social media detox has really lifted the veil from the hate industry complex that are all social media companies today. Stop prostitution your content, thoughts and powers to these shitty companies that enrich the scum of the earth, and empower illegal, unconstitutional and immoral government agencies from their dragnet surveillance.

I’ll make one last tweet explaining this and then nuking my account in the next few weeks. Then I’ll be Nostr only.

I understand why you don't like Twitter, I have always been allergic to it. Every time I followed a link to a Twitter page and read a few extra replies, I got the emotional equivalent of hives and nausea. Since these links to Twitter post now only expose the single post made by someone, it's much better! But what I don't get, yet, is what Nostr is supposed to be good for. I don't feel like I can search for Nostr content to educate myself, nor can I get my questions exposed to the right persons so they can answer them, nor can I get exposed to questions by others which I might be able to answer. It might just be a matter of time until I find a reason, but so far it often feels like a waste of time to scroll around Nostr, just because I like Freedom Tech.

That's the price of the Telegram associated token. The creator got arrested today.

Gift them some Bitcoin. Let them lose their keys / password and sell their HODL at the bottom. Let them get the shitcoin bug out of their system before they get access to the family funds.

Thanks for your ongoing work on this! Where is a good place on Nostr (or a good way) to ask questions about how to use the Seedsigner to build multisig solutions?

One thing I want to know is this: Can I make a multisig x out of y wallet, where the majority of the y's can ONLY sign, but they cannot generate the address list? So that they cannot be used to determine the value of the target if they are found by the wrong entity. Or so my ex-lawyer cannot follow all my transactions for all time, etc etc

Replying to Avatar Dr. Hax

I thought that when I left my job with no intent to get another one, I'd be shedding my responsibilities, have lots of free time, and be able to decide how I spend it. It hasn't panned out quite as well as I had imagined.

When you have indoor plants, a garden, compost that needs flipped, there are some responsibilities or you no longer have these things.

Okay, but that's only a couple hours per day, right? So that means I have like 10 hours a day to do whatever I want. 70 hours a week, right? Lovely.

But I like to eat every day, multiple times even. I can't afford takeout for every meal, so I cook. But that also means checking for food about to go bad, picking out recipies to use said ingredients, figuring out what we already have versus ehat we need and going shopping for that food too. That adds up to about 20 hours a week. Yes, I've counted.

So now I've still got 50 hours/week of leisure, less time for other chores like laundry, cleaning and the like, but that's not much time at all, so we'll sweep that time under the rug.

I do, however, also feel compelled to run my own servers. Email, GitLab, Nextcloud, Mastodon, Jitsi, Matrix, DNS... the list goes on and on. And the maintenance there is actually pretty low. Once things are set up, everything is pretty well automated. Still, it's not zero. When software or hardware nears end-of-life, I need to take steps. Air gapped backups require manual work. And I have other people who depend on the infrastructure I built, so I do feel obligated to ensure we have good uptime. In addition to that, I've also been trying to refactor my automation so I can publish it and make it easier for others to self-host things. I could do this pretty much full time for years, but I severely limit the time I spend here.

Then there's the Signet project. I feel obligated to work on that every week for between 4-16 hours. I have users to support. I want to fix some minor bugs, build more hardware, etc.

There are a couple other projects that I do under other nyms that take about 6 hours a week.

The Artisans Coop takes about 10 hours/week.

I'm helping put together a system to measure rainfall in real time so floods can be accurately predicted. That takes at least 4 hours per week.

I volunteer for Books2Prisoners for a couple hours a week. I also want to help out the local makerspace for at least a couple hours a week. More when they have a cleanup day or interesting event.

There are house projects like moving and then fixing the rain barrel stand, re-routing the gutters, reattaching the gutters, spray foaming holes in the house, getting rid of the ants, installing a huge floating shelf, mudding/texturing/painting, making molding for the windows and all these odds and ends that sound like they're no big deal. In isolation they're not, but when the gutter falls off the roof and there's going to be water in the basement, and that will quickly lead to mold, they absolutely demand my time. If not now, a whole lot more time later.

In the end, I guess this is just me rambling on about how even though I have more freedom to decide how I spend my time than I ever have in my entire life, I still feel pressured into doing things in a timeframe I don't control. I do not feel like I am free to just go work on the things I want to do. I feel obligated to do these things above.

Sure, I could walk away from several of these projects and leave people hanging, but that's really hard for me to do. I'm going to scale back nonetheless, because I want more control over my time. Hopefully I will get things to good stopping points and making sure someone else can pick up where I left off before I burn out and just walk away.

I suppose if I have a point here, it's that if you have a full time job, and constantly feel like you don't have any free time, don't expect that to change if you weren't spending 40 hours a week at work. Change has to come from within, and that's something I'm slowly learning and doing my best to internalize. So really, this is a message of hope. In a world where there is so much you don't control, there's also a lot you can control if you are mindful about it

If anyone actually reads this far, feel free to give me a follow and let me know what you think. Am I just a fool for volunteering to help all these people? Should I just stop and let them fend for themselves?

Post shorter. More time left.

So how does one buy one? And are these just 3-D printed shells, or do they have the R-Pi zero etc in them?

Replying to Avatar jimmysong

# Halving Fee Chaos

The Bitcoin halving is an anticipated event, one of those Bitcoin holidays that happen every once in a while. Along with Soft Fork Activation and various financial instrument introduction days, it's one of those not-quite-predictable days that occur every few years which give Bitcoiners reason to pay attention and mainstream media to speculate.

This year's halving was much anticipated, as halvings usually are, but we had a bit of an incident that requires some further explanation. The block subsidy decreased from 6.25 BTC to 3.125 BTC on block 840,000 as expected, but what wasn't expected was the 37.626 BTC in fees that came along with it. To give some context, that's easily the highest ratio of fees to block subsidy that Bitcoin has *ever* had. [One transaction](https://mempool.space/tx/152b928e97bb9e874da1bd4abdf766ae0cdc7a2f260dad5542967cb414c58489) paid nearly 8 BTC in fees by itself.

## More Fees

It wasn't just block 840,000 that had high fees, over the next 5 blocks, we had fees of 4.486, 6.99, 16.068, 24.008 and 29.821 BTC respectively. The fees are the highest it's ever been. This situation in Bitcoin is unprecedented.

Up to this point in Bitcoin's history a block whose fees were higher than block subsidy were pretty rare. There were a few in the 50 and 25 BTC eras, but these were mistakes by the user (usually forgetting to put in a change address) and almost all of the fee came from a single error transaction. In the 12.5 BTC subsidy era, there were a few transactions toward the end of 2017 when the cumulative fees exceeded the 12.5 subsidy. In the just-ended 6.25 BTC subsidy era, there were many blocks during the ordinals craze which exceeded the 6.25 BTC subsidy.

Still, these were relatively rare, and most blocks even in the most recently completed era mostly didn't exceeded 1.5 BTC. Yet in this new era of 3.125 BTC subsidy, every single block as of this writing (block 840018) has had fees exceed the subsidy, some by many multiples. So what happened? Why was the halving block getting so much in fees?

## Runes

The reason has to do with a new protocol called Runes. It's yet another colored coins protocol on top of Bitcoin that Casey Rodarmor designed back in [September of 2023](https://rodarmor.com/blog/runes/). The main idea is to allow coin issuance on Bitcoin that uses the UTXO set natively.

Now to back up a bit, colored coins have been around for a long time. The main idea is that you can "color" certain Bitcoin transaction outputs as meaning something in addition to the Bitcoin amount in the output. It could be another "asset" and issued as a token. The first implementation of such a protocol happened 11 *years* ago in 2013 and there have been many attempts since, including MasterCoin (renamed Omni), CounterParty, and more recently, RGB, Taro Assets and BRC-20.

As Rodarmor states in his blog, his motivation for making another protocol is to bring some of the asset issuing from other chains to Bitcoin. To make the launch of this protocol more interesting, Rodarmor decided to start the issuance on block 840,000, leading to the chaos we saw.

## Simplification vs Game Theory

Casey Rodarmor is also the creator of ordinals, and he took one of the concepts, which was to name assets using the capital latin alphabet on Runes. This is a normal fine choice, but what happens when there's a conflict? If two assets have the same name, how do we distinguish between them?

To simplify things, the protocol just looks up what assets exist already and if the name conflicts with something that exists, then the new asset isn't issued. This indeed simplifies the client and gives a global unique name to each asset. Unfortunately, it also makes for some terrible incentives.

## Sniping Asset Issuance

The first incentive problem is that if the transaction issuing the asset is sent out to the Bitcoin mempool, then as that transaction is gossiped to nodes around the network, other observers can snipe the name by getting the transaction in earlier.

Now "earlier" in Bitcoin is a strict concept. Blocks are ordered and transactions within a block are ordered. Whichever comes first gets the symbol and the asset issuance. But if you want to squat on a good symbol name, you can just look for mempool transactions that are attempting to create a new asset and create your own with a bigger fee. That's the essence of sniping.

What's really terrible about a situation like this is that *both* transactions will likely go into the block, but only the first will successfully issue the asset. The second will not issue the asset but *still pay the fee*.

Miners generally order transactions by fee rate, so a higher fee likely means that they'll get to issue the asset. I say likely, because there's a second incentive problem here I'll discuss later. But game-theoretically, both participants are incentivized to increase fees continually to one-up each other. The dynamic is similar to the [One Dollar Auction](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_auction), where participants end up making rational choices, but end up with an irrational result (like paying $1.50 for $1). Every loser pays lots in fees for nothing.

## Second order Game Theory

Now given this first-order incentive playing out, it's not a surprise that a lot of issuers purposefully put in a very high fee initially to discourage anyone from trying to snipe the symbol. After all, if your sniping attempt fails, then you lose out on the fees you tried to snipe with. There's also a significant uptick in the usage of RBF for this reason, so that you have the option to one-up the sniper and the sniper to do the same to the issuer.

Note that RBF isn't useful here to *get out* of paying the fee, as a replacement transaction has to pay more than the previous transaction in fees. Either way, the miner ends up with the fees.

Now back to the miner's role. The miner can, if it so desires, give preference to the *lower* fee transaction by including it earlier in the block. Indeed, the incentive is to give miners off-band fees if possible to order transactions in such a way as to win by not revealing how much you've paid. Miners in this protocol have a lot of leverage.

## Conclusion

Runes have resulted in some really high fees, though it's hard to know if the design was intentional or unintentional. What we do know is that Runes have been hyped up for the last few months and have been anticipated for a while, and certainly being one of the first assets issued under the protocol has some marketing value for the eventual goal of getting them listed on an exchange.

Sadly, in addition to the normal scamming of altcoins being completely centralized, there is a deeper cost in terms of block space congestion, where fees of 1000 sats/vbyte are currently not enough to get into certain blocks. The Runes asset issuance has overridden almost every other use case at the moment.

That said, the current rate of Runes issuance is completely unsustainable. Just in the first 18 blocks, there's been over $20M in fees spent, most of that in Runes issuance. At this rate, Runes issuers would be spending $150M a day or $1B a week. I honestly can't see them doing this for much longer than a month or two. In the meantime, it must be great to be a miner finding these blocks.

If this catches on (= is perceived as having been profitable for the scammers), then every 'special' block will have a larger attack aimed at it, making the Bitcoin network unable to process normal transactions for a while each time.

Like blocks 888888, 900000, 999999, 1000000, 1050000 etc etc

Replying to Avatar Dr. Hax

So this is how I've been trying to get my #exercise. #Bicycling around town, hoeing up the #garden, digging 30" holes to plant horseradish, and so forth.

Why these things instead of going to the #gym or doing push ups?

1. Productivity. I want to do something productive while getting stronger. Lifting something and just putting it right back where it was isn't very motivating.

2. Money. Gyms cost money. Gasoline costs money. Car maintence costs #money. By riding my #bike, I can save some loot

3. Self reliance. #Gasoline prices go bonkers? Not going to hold me back. Broken car? Not going to slow me down. Broken #bike? I can fix that myself, cheaply.

4. #Privacy. This may sound like a weird one, but what can I say, I'm #weird. I very much enjoy running errands with just a bag of #cash. No ID. No #cellphone. If you're thinking "why such secrecy about when and where I buy eggs and other groceries?" might I remind you that privacy and secrecy are not the same thing.

5. Fun. I enjoy #exploring my town. When I'm driving a car, I take the same few main roads and see the same things whiz by every trip. When I'm on my bike, I just head the right cardinal direction on whatever street I feel like taking. Plus, I'm going at a speed that I can safely gawk, or easily stop and check out some art, a little free library or pantry, or whatever catches my fancy. Some day I'll take a camera with me and post some pictures of the types of things I see so you can see what I mean.

So I guess my point here, if I even have a point, is that I like #biking places and maybe you would too.

It's not for everyone, or every location, but it's something I think is worth considering. It does take time, but if you're replacing gym time with biking time, it might not actually take up any extra time. #GrowNostr

nostr:nevent1qqsrc7lrr6kwa48a5dq577aqskvq6zux4mhsnt4aqsez0vfaw2z5c2spz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzvupzp5cw4x82vh5487g6hylkkv82284n83gxlp75nasq5yu6auq249g3qvzqqqqqqylllxaw

While trying to figure out how to 'exercise' more in order to stave off the decrepitness creeping in with age, I realised that I had a nearly ideal 'exercise regime' when I was cycling (and did not have a car at all).

I never rode the bike for fun or for exercise, but just to get around, and at a speed that would get me there in time.