I am super impressed with venice. Hat tip to nostr:npub1h8nk2346qezka5cpm8jjh3yl5j88pf4ly2ptu7s6uu55wcfqy0wq36rpev for the pointer.
Venice does not let you in via TOR.
Is Seedsigner an impelentation of the von Neumann architecture?
From what little I know about this, I guess the answer is 'No', but I would like learn more about why it is not a von Neuman architecture.
#Seedsigner #"von Neumann" #"computer science"
Is Seedsigner an impelentation of the von Neumann architecture?
From what little I know about this, I guess the answer is 'No', but I would like learn more about why it is not a von Neuman architecture.
#Seedsigner #von Neumann #computer science
I am migrating to #qubes and I want to dump my entire Linux system into a standalone Qube, but so far failed doing this.
I would appreciate some hints about how this could be done.
The idea is to have the old system accessible from withing the new Qubes system, for occasional use when I find the stuff that's undoubtedly still missing in my Qubes setup.
I have managed to install a different OS into a standalone Qube from a .iso file, just to test/troubleshoot, but have not been able to figure out how to turn my old Linux installation into a .iso file.
#dd lets me write some sort of image of the entire old drive (using of=/dev/sdb/nameofoldinstallation.iso) , but it seems that dd maybe only calls it an ISO file. I don't know.
When I try to "Boot qube from CD-ROM" , it results in some error message that it cannot read the .iso file that I made using dd.
#asknostr
I am migrating to #qubes and I want to dump my entire Linux system into a standalone Qube, but so far failed doing this.
I would appreciate some hints about how this could be done.
The idea is to have the old system accessible from withing the new Qubes system, for occasional use when I find the stuff that's undoubtedly still missing in my Qubes setup.
I have managed to install a different OS into a standalone Qube from a .iso file, just to test/troubleshoot, but have not been able to figure out how to turn my old Linux installation into a .iso file.
#dd lets me write some sort of image of the entire old drive (using of=/dev/sdb/nameofoldinstallation.iso) , but it seems that dd maybe only calls it an ISO file. I don't know.
When I try to #"Boot qube from CD-ROM" , it results in some error message that it cannot read the .iso file that I made using dd.
Thank you very much! 😁 So...... that 'hashtag-asknostr' just gets added by typing it in the note itself, that makes more sense to me now....I have added it to my home page! One of my pet hates is indeed that I have
to 'un-sort' facebook replies every time I use it for a minute.
I understand why you don't like Twitter, I have always been allergic to it. Every time I followed a link to a Twitter page and read a few extra replies, I got the emotional equivalent of hives and nausea. Since these links to Twitter post now only expose the single post made by someone, it's much better! But what I don't get, yet, is what Nostr is supposed to be good for. I don't feel like I can search for Nostr content to educate myself, nor can I get my questions exposed to the right persons so they can answer them, nor can I get exposed to questions by others which I might be able to answer. It might just be a matter of time until I find a reason, but so far it often feels like a waste of time to scroll around Nostr, just because I like Freedom Tech.
If I had sats to spare, I would want to fund development of Seedsigner software for Risk5 hardware.
That's the price of the Telegram associated token. The creator got arrested today.
Gift them some Bitcoin. Let them lose their keys / password and sell their HODL at the bottom. Let them get the shitcoin bug out of their system before they get access to the family funds.
Thanks for your ongoing work on this! Where is a good place on Nostr (or a good way) to ask questions about how to use the Seedsigner to build multisig solutions?
One thing I want to know is this: Can I make a multisig x out of y wallet, where the majority of the y's can ONLY sign, but they cannot generate the address list? So that they cannot be used to determine the value of the target if they are found by the wrong entity. Or so my ex-lawyer cannot follow all my transactions for all time, etc etc
I cannot find an answer to this question, maybe you can help: Can a RPi5 be used to build a Seedsigner? Thanks!
How do you manage o get RPI zero's? I cant find one anywhere.
"EVERYTHING IS BETTER with regulated ...."
WHO ARE YOU AND WHAT HAVE YOU DONE TO JACK? 🤣 🤣 🤣
Nevermind, I found it https://gobrrr.me/
So how does one buy one? And are these just 3-D printed shells, or do they have the R-Pi zero etc in them?

# Halving Fee Chaos
The Bitcoin halving is an anticipated event, one of those Bitcoin holidays that happen every once in a while. Along with Soft Fork Activation and various financial instrument introduction days, it's one of those not-quite-predictable days that occur every few years which give Bitcoiners reason to pay attention and mainstream media to speculate.
This year's halving was much anticipated, as halvings usually are, but we had a bit of an incident that requires some further explanation. The block subsidy decreased from 6.25 BTC to 3.125 BTC on block 840,000 as expected, but what wasn't expected was the 37.626 BTC in fees that came along with it. To give some context, that's easily the highest ratio of fees to block subsidy that Bitcoin has *ever* had. [One transaction](https://mempool.space/tx/152b928e97bb9e874da1bd4abdf766ae0cdc7a2f260dad5542967cb414c58489) paid nearly 8 BTC in fees by itself.
## More Fees
It wasn't just block 840,000 that had high fees, over the next 5 blocks, we had fees of 4.486, 6.99, 16.068, 24.008 and 29.821 BTC respectively. The fees are the highest it's ever been. This situation in Bitcoin is unprecedented.
Up to this point in Bitcoin's history a block whose fees were higher than block subsidy were pretty rare. There were a few in the 50 and 25 BTC eras, but these were mistakes by the user (usually forgetting to put in a change address) and almost all of the fee came from a single error transaction. In the 12.5 BTC subsidy era, there were a few transactions toward the end of 2017 when the cumulative fees exceeded the 12.5 subsidy. In the just-ended 6.25 BTC subsidy era, there were many blocks during the ordinals craze which exceeded the 6.25 BTC subsidy.
Still, these were relatively rare, and most blocks even in the most recently completed era mostly didn't exceeded 1.5 BTC. Yet in this new era of 3.125 BTC subsidy, every single block as of this writing (block 840018) has had fees exceed the subsidy, some by many multiples. So what happened? Why was the halving block getting so much in fees?
## Runes
The reason has to do with a new protocol called Runes. It's yet another colored coins protocol on top of Bitcoin that Casey Rodarmor designed back in [September of 2023](https://rodarmor.com/blog/runes/). The main idea is to allow coin issuance on Bitcoin that uses the UTXO set natively.
Now to back up a bit, colored coins have been around for a long time. The main idea is that you can "color" certain Bitcoin transaction outputs as meaning something in addition to the Bitcoin amount in the output. It could be another "asset" and issued as a token. The first implementation of such a protocol happened 11 *years* ago in 2013 and there have been many attempts since, including MasterCoin (renamed Omni), CounterParty, and more recently, RGB, Taro Assets and BRC-20.
As Rodarmor states in his blog, his motivation for making another protocol is to bring some of the asset issuing from other chains to Bitcoin. To make the launch of this protocol more interesting, Rodarmor decided to start the issuance on block 840,000, leading to the chaos we saw.
## Simplification vs Game Theory
Casey Rodarmor is also the creator of ordinals, and he took one of the concepts, which was to name assets using the capital latin alphabet on Runes. This is a normal fine choice, but what happens when there's a conflict? If two assets have the same name, how do we distinguish between them?
To simplify things, the protocol just looks up what assets exist already and if the name conflicts with something that exists, then the new asset isn't issued. This indeed simplifies the client and gives a global unique name to each asset. Unfortunately, it also makes for some terrible incentives.
## Sniping Asset Issuance
The first incentive problem is that if the transaction issuing the asset is sent out to the Bitcoin mempool, then as that transaction is gossiped to nodes around the network, other observers can snipe the name by getting the transaction in earlier.
Now "earlier" in Bitcoin is a strict concept. Blocks are ordered and transactions within a block are ordered. Whichever comes first gets the symbol and the asset issuance. But if you want to squat on a good symbol name, you can just look for mempool transactions that are attempting to create a new asset and create your own with a bigger fee. That's the essence of sniping.
What's really terrible about a situation like this is that *both* transactions will likely go into the block, but only the first will successfully issue the asset. The second will not issue the asset but *still pay the fee*.
Miners generally order transactions by fee rate, so a higher fee likely means that they'll get to issue the asset. I say likely, because there's a second incentive problem here I'll discuss later. But game-theoretically, both participants are incentivized to increase fees continually to one-up each other. The dynamic is similar to the [One Dollar Auction](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_auction), where participants end up making rational choices, but end up with an irrational result (like paying $1.50 for $1). Every loser pays lots in fees for nothing.
## Second order Game Theory
Now given this first-order incentive playing out, it's not a surprise that a lot of issuers purposefully put in a very high fee initially to discourage anyone from trying to snipe the symbol. After all, if your sniping attempt fails, then you lose out on the fees you tried to snipe with. There's also a significant uptick in the usage of RBF for this reason, so that you have the option to one-up the sniper and the sniper to do the same to the issuer.
Note that RBF isn't useful here to *get out* of paying the fee, as a replacement transaction has to pay more than the previous transaction in fees. Either way, the miner ends up with the fees.
Now back to the miner's role. The miner can, if it so desires, give preference to the *lower* fee transaction by including it earlier in the block. Indeed, the incentive is to give miners off-band fees if possible to order transactions in such a way as to win by not revealing how much you've paid. Miners in this protocol have a lot of leverage.
## Conclusion
Runes have resulted in some really high fees, though it's hard to know if the design was intentional or unintentional. What we do know is that Runes have been hyped up for the last few months and have been anticipated for a while, and certainly being one of the first assets issued under the protocol has some marketing value for the eventual goal of getting them listed on an exchange.
Sadly, in addition to the normal scamming of altcoins being completely centralized, there is a deeper cost in terms of block space congestion, where fees of 1000 sats/vbyte are currently not enough to get into certain blocks. The Runes asset issuance has overridden almost every other use case at the moment.
That said, the current rate of Runes issuance is completely unsustainable. Just in the first 18 blocks, there's been over $20M in fees spent, most of that in Runes issuance. At this rate, Runes issuers would be spending $150M a day or $1B a week. I honestly can't see them doing this for much longer than a month or two. In the meantime, it must be great to be a miner finding these blocks.
If this catches on (= is perceived as having been profitable for the scammers), then every 'special' block will have a larger attack aimed at it, making the Bitcoin network unable to process normal transactions for a while each time.
Like blocks 888888, 900000, 999999, 1000000, 1050000 etc etc
While trying to figure out how to 'exercise' more in order to stave off the decrepitness creeping in with age, I realised that I had a nearly ideal 'exercise regime' when I was cycling (and did not have a car at all).
I never rode the bike for fun or for exercise, but just to get around, and at a speed that would get me there in time.
It only looks like that, see https://ocean.xyz/docs/tides for how it works.


