People that think that the only way that #bitcoin mining can survive is extra fees from inscriptions, don’t understand free markets, nor the difficulty adjustment.

If all prices fall to the marginal cost of production in a free market, and bitcoin is the first global free market that has ever existed, then block rewards are alone enough to keep a robust market for mining.

Why: because relative to Bitcoin (open, decentralized, secure, protocol, bounded by energy) the rewards are the same in 2130 as they are today because all prices are falling forever.

It’s hard to even imagine the abundance in that world or “money” that you would need because your reference frame is now and the past, but can you imagine our descendants (from that place)- ever changing back to this one.

Just a friendly reminder that creating different incentives, changes behaviour.

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What happens in 2140 then?

Tiny fees from transactions and getting more competitive forever as energy becomes abundant, free or nearly free.

But that’s why I asked: can you imagine those people thinking like most of us today and deciding to go back to a system of theft, control, and scarcity?

I understand the fees have the potential to keep miners operating, but you were speaking about rewards alone will be enough to keep a robust market for mining, but as we all know, those come to an end in 2140. So after that, I think what you are laying out is that the fees will be enough to keep a robust market for mining? And if I understand this correctly, then not only will the miners want to operate, but then we also have robustly secure protocol.

🎯

In a nutshell, its working as desinged, driving deflationary pressure and adoption. If it aint broke, don't fix it. Just because technically a change can be done, if not required for fundamental use case, one has to ask if the desire to do so is ego based or bad actor. Natural reaction. What I don't understand is if this has caused such a huge debate, its obviously not desired by many, if working well right now and adoption increasing, why not stop the change and engage in more discussion and (healthy, polite) debate?

Just to put things in perspective — the last whole Bitcoin will be mined for nearly 40 YEARS where miners all over the world will keep working, probably burning way more energy than we already do today — and right now, it’s equivalent to 12 nuclear reactors running non-stop. All that effort, just to squeeze out the final bits of a fixed 21 million supply. So yeah… what do you think a full Bitcoin will be worth then? Or even a sat? Or the cost to get a transaction into a block? I’m guessing enough.

It's 2025 and I have free and abundant energy already. The abundance mindset will spread.

When 1000 sats is a weekly salary it will be 100,000 mSats of fungibility. Or we'll math it smaller.

Already we sell gas at $2.699

Why are you worrying about a timezone your grandkids and the 2020 coalition for inclusive capitalism are going to occupy and spearhead?

A lot of people don’t understand a lot of things. Education is the key. 📜

There’s a lot to comprehend. It’ll take years for the normal street pleb that has no idea about bitcoin to understand. Kind of like the internet in the early days. Now people just use it without thinking about it.

You put into words something I've been pondering about for a while. It always seems like the discussion for future mining rewards is calculated from the current system, not from a Bitcoin standard.

Exactly!

Okay, But block rewards go to zero. So then what

the halving goes from 1 to zero

if it was a smoothed deceleration curve it would then decelerate from 1.0 to whatever very slowly and the last sat would take forever to mint (and presumably by then we'd have 128 bit or 256 bit precision instead of 64 bit (~100M sats) precision (as in, subdivisions of sats)

though i'm just gonna say that i doubt that we even get to the end of the precision of 32 bit unix timestamps before we are all driven back to the steam age, if not the bronze age by natural disaster that is looming, if you have been watching the power outages stories of the last two weeks, solar storms are hurting electricity a lot more and will probably be bad for the next 6 months)

If nation states are bag holders, won’t nation states mine simply to secure their own investment, its national security of the highest order- isn’t that a reward in itself?

this is assuming a hell of a lot

how is this helpful and not just utopian thinking?

The only assumption here is that bitcoin stays decentralized and secure.

The only one!!

not at all

you're assuming a Bitcoin UoA

which is a HUGE assumption

Nope - because if it doesn’t become a unit of account (it already is and will continue) and all people use an inflationary token (USD) it will centralize and fail as a store of value. (Like gold)

Sorry, adding more assumptions doesnt help.

and no

it isn't a UoA as long as people are setting prices in USD

Hello, im setting prices in sats, nice to meet you.

how do you determine the number of sats to price a product?

You would think it matted but the only think that counts is the mindset, price everything in sats for a while and you will get it 😉

iow

you divide a fiat price by the fiat price of BTC

and call that "pricing in sats"

I value my sats and my time from a very specific and original set of indicators suited for my individual needs as every human should do. The price is just the result of that process meeting the values of some other individual.

you use USD as your UoA.

that's what prices are.

sorry, its just a fact.

I believe gold was initially more a SoV than UoA, at least until the Lydians started coining it. As the dollar falls to zero against BTC, BTC will take its place as the default UoA. And that will happen way before the block subsidy falls to zero

cool story.

beliefs are nice.

These miners chads are only accepting USD as UoC and projecting that shit onto everyone else.

But but but you divide the price by USD; go fuck yourselves with usd

Matters* thing*

I value my sats and my time from a very specific and original set of indicators suited for my individual needs as every human should do. The price is just the result of that process meeting the values of some other individual.

I recommend watch Jeff's latest 3h podcast with Breedlove. He goes more in-depth on this topic. Should be helpful.

cheers

i will try. i cant stand Breedlove.

Let’s hope, pray and work to make sure that it stays this way

This is not an assumption. It's the fundamental question!

Without block rewards and fees there will be no mining. (assuming a free market and purely economic incentives)

Without globally decentralized mining bitcoin will not be secure.

This is independent of prices and cost of energy.

All thinking is utopian.

The Price of Tomorrow 🙂

satoshi talked about this, unlike gold where price follows cost of production, in bitcoin, cost of production (mining/hashrate) follows price. Bitcoin hashrate/network security will always find a balance according to price. If bitcoin doubles in price, double market cap, you can bet security (hashrate) will follow, the opposite is also true.

Cheers Jeff

It’s a ridiculous argument, and yet somehow, we still have to fight it. We hoped ignoring it would make it disappear, but that clearly didn’t work. They know Bitcoin doesn’t need their fee, they’ve always known. This isn’t about truth; it’s just another distraction, one of many. It’s deliberate! They flood the space with noise, trying to wear us down, hoping we’ll give up.

Peter Todd (aka Satoshi Nakamoto 😂) disagrees with you.

A key problem currently however is that vc's, mergers, stock offerings and regulations are massively clouding the mining space. It allows for mining at unsustainable costs for a given time. This won't last. Only then, will free markets play out.

Agreed. And the beautiful thing is people don’t even have to understand this for it to happen and for them to benefit from it.

#weallwin

Technical people don’t necessarily understands economics

Facts.

If block rewards and current fees weren’t enough, then you might expect to see hashrate fall, no?

Bitcoin is money. That is all.

If minining fees are small - less transactions , wouldn't difficulty automatically adjust down ?

#askNostr

Cuz more compute will go to better ROI things like say running infrence ..?. ..less hashrate would force lower difficulty.. means less miners ..

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100% few are mentally prepared for the power of a truly deflationary currency…!

During the transition, countries that print their currencies can crowd out the private sector from mining, generating enough bitcoin to sustain operations moving forward, no? We know a true free market never exists alongside state actors that can manipulate said free market via currency, regulation, tariffs etc. Governments inevitably become the primary miners because they’re not subject to free-market forces due to the ability of being able to first print currency to maintain an advantage, and leverage the violence monopoly to ensure it regardless of economic forces.

I just don’t see how nation states (who have unfettered access to an amount of nuclear power that no private entity could ever compete with) aren’t entrenched as the largest mining entities forever (if they choose to be)

Don't worry,. nuclear power doesn't exist, it's just fear porn.

You’re right. The US Navy’s submarines are actually powered by monkeys on bicycles

Thanks, I know I am. Look up the gold foil experiment, if you believe that I have some rare sats I can sell you.

Bad bot

Most don’t understand how abundant the abundance is from tech driving prices forever lower. There is no spoon.

What if regulations goes rogue so that mining can't be profitable anymore or it's outright banned?

Miners move to better regulations

That’s what the difficulty adjustment is. It moves the difficulty up or down depending on the state of mining.

because prohibition always works, especially for things designed specifically to bypass governments

Those may have read the wrong book “the price of yesterday”

Thank you for saying this for the economically illiterate bitcoiners, Jeff.

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“But prices need to keep going up! Otherwise nobody would buy anything!” —A Certain Type of Person

Fiat thinking of course

Of course.

Word. Bitcoin is a hard mirror to look at for many. But once you stare at it long enough, you see we all want the same thing.

Those people are incapable of extrapolating data over the long term… the bitcoin mining reward started at $0 and now it’s more than $312,243.00 despite the block reward decreasing from 50 bitcoin to 3.25 bitcoin over that same time period.

https://primal.net/e/nevent1qqsxe6uxaf7frmwmg33puhwrg6uxfgq2wycan6309ee02nhnykjxhrg46xhcy

I agree with you the problem doesn't exist. Miners will be rewarded in a big way even in 2140 with fees

A lot of devs are trying to solve for problems that are assumed and not realized.

It's fun watching someone else reason from the first principles of reality.

The point Jeff is making here is, "No system is better than it's incentives."

People ask, "What backs Bitcoin?"

Even though it's abstract, the answer is, superior incentives.

No person, group, society, nation, world, is better than their perceived incentives.

Without people, in some sense, Bitcoin ceases to exist. Bitcoin runs on energy, from people, because people are what connects the abstract system of Bitcoin to the energy of nature and spirit that make it run.

Why, fundamentally, are people willing to invest their lives into Bitcoin (and Nostr) to make them work to create the vision of the future they imagine?

Because it gives them a TRUE and ENDURING sense of Meaning.

And when you connect with Meaning, you're connecting to God Himself, the center of all things, the origin and propagator of consciousness, the One who is Goodness, eternally.

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Block subsidy will be enough for a time. How much time depends on how valuable bitcoin is. And in your view the subsidy will be sufficient as long as it’s above 0.

This doesn’t address the case of at zero subsidy…nor does it address the mathematical fact that the exponential decay of bitcoin supply is far far far far faster than any economy can grow.

Bitcoin supply is not declining exponentially. Issuance is.

I think that is the beauty of the difficulty adjustment.

The fallacy in your (fiat-based) logic can be most easily seen in the conclusion of your second paragraph above 👆

I was stuck there too until very recently. Map it out again. This time from the perspective of PARABOLICALLY ACCELERATING DEflation.

Visually (and overly simplistically) It looks like a toroidal inversion of the state of flow.

You will know you are “there” when you say out loud….”WHAT THE FUCK?!??”

At least that’s what MY process/reaction was. 😉

Be well brotha 🧡🧬🙏🏻

I think you misunderstand the math here. Parabolic is very slowly growing compared to exponential as time increases.

Take any graphic calculator or app and plot y=x^2 (a prabola) and y=2^x (an exponential) and you’ll see one grows way way way way faster than the other.

The reality is that all exponential things eventually either go to zero (in the decreasing case) or stop being exponential (in the increasing case). Why? Because exponential growth eventually becomes so large we run out of physical things such wildly large numbers could represent…compared to exponential growth, even the number of atoms in the universe is small…

I totally agree that bitcoin value will grow a lot faster for a lot longer than most expect. But some fees will eventually be necessary as subsidy will long be insufficient for moving the chain forward before subsidy goes to zero.

And we have proof that people will pay for securing the network. The 2017 block size wars featured an attack on block space and fees went up to a very significant fraction of the subsidy. And ordinals did the same, albeit for less time.

Anyone arguing we need high fees now is missing the value of bitcoin. But arguing transaction fees will never be necessary I think is almost provably false.

Also prices do not all fall to the marginal cost of production, not all the way down. That's not how markets work. That's not how anyone makes choices.

I think Chris was specifically talking about the misinterpretation of “growth” on a fiat standard versus the productivity growth (faster deflation) ensured by 8 billion people competing to solve problems and provide value to each other on a bitcoin standard.

Growth as measured today is conflated and opposite to the above.

Indeed. Unleashing humanity on the problems we share through the property rights only a censorship resistant and decentralized money can provide will pay dividends seemingly impossible in our fiat way of thinking.

Transaction fees will be more than enough at that point where there is no more block subsidy. Bitcoin Average tx per block is already at 2Million SATs I would be surprised if there isn't way more demand for base layer TXs in 20 to 100 years and even if tx fees go to zero the Bitcoin difficulty will adjust to as low as possible for solo home miners who mine as a hobby.

Well said.

Ok, as usual, Jeff, I need to read this 3x. 🫤🧡

A deflationary story...

Worth rereading…

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I love the phrase, "first global free market." Leonard Piekoff once said simething like... we've never had a 100% free market. If we did, we would have prosperity you can't imagine.

It turns out a free market did exist. We just didn't know it in 2012, at least I didn't know.